AIはらだくんの今日は何の日？

ON THIS DAY

英語で読む歴史カレンダー

その日に本当に起きた出来事を、入試レベルの英文1文と和訳で。入試に出る単語、そのまま長文のテーマになる話、そして本人が残した英語の名言つき。現在 733件（366日分）を収録。毎朝ふえていきます。

今日 9月20日

今日の歴史を英語で読む →

〜1799年118件

  1. BC753 ローマが建てられたとされる日Romans counted their years from this date, which they took as the founding of their city, though the story behind it is a legend. 4月21日
  2. BC44 カエサルが暗殺されるCaesar was killed at a meeting of the senate on the middle day of March, a date the Romans called the Ides. 3月15日
  3. 64 ローマの大火が始まるA fire broke out among the shops near the Circus Maximus and burned for six days, and the story that the emperor played music while it raged was written down by people born after his death. 7月18日
  4. 79 ヴェスヴィオ山が街を埋めるAsh from a volcano buried two Roman towns in a single day, and although this date has been used for centuries, some evidence points to the autumn instead. 8月24日
  5. 420 聖ヒエロニムスが没し、翻訳の日にJerome, who had spent years translating the Bible into Latin, died on this day, and translators now mark it as their own. 9月30日
  6. 1066 ノルマンディー公がイングランド上陸William of Normandy landed on the south coast of England with an army, and the language of the country was never the same again. 9月28日
  7. 1066 ヘイスティングズの戦いWilliam of Normandy defeated the English army at Hastings, and within a few generations the language of the court was French. 10月14日
  8. 1066 ウィリアムが王冠をかぶるWilliam was crowned in Westminster Abbey, and the guards outside mistook the shouting inside for a riot and set fire to the houses nearby. 12月25日
  9. 1170 大聖堂で大司教が殺されるFour knights killed the archbishop inside his own cathedral, apparently believing the king had asked for it in a moment of anger. 12月29日
  10. 1215 マグナ・カルタに封がされるAn English king agreed to a document saying that even he was under the law, and although it was cancelled within ten weeks, the idea survived. 6月15日
  11. 1297 スターリング橋の戦いA Scottish force led by William Wallace waited until half of an English army had crossed a narrow bridge and then attacked, and the victory made Wallace guardian of Scotland for a year. 9月11日
  12. 1415 アジンコートの戦いA small and tired English army beat a much larger French one at Agincourt, on a muddy field that suited neither side. 10月25日
  13. 1429 ジャンヌ・ダルクがオルレアンへA teenage girl entered a besieged city carrying a banner, and the siege that had held for months was lifted nine days after she arrived. 4月29日
  14. 1473 コペルニクスが生まれるThe man who put the Sun rather than the Earth at the centre was born in Poland, and his book was printed only as he lay dying. 2月19日
  15. 1475 ミケランジェロが生まれるMichelangelo was born in a small town in Tuscany and was sent as a baby to live with a stonecutter's family, which he later said explained his love of marble. 3月6日
  16. 1485 ボズワースの戦いThe last English king to die in battle was killed in a field in Leicestershire, and his body was found in 2012 under a car park, identified by the curve of his spine. 8月22日
  17. 1492 グラナダが明け渡されるThe last Muslim ruler in Spain handed over the keys of Granada, ending nearly eight centuries of Muslim rule on the peninsula. 1月2日
  18. 1492 コロンブスが西へ出航するThree ships left a Spanish port to look for a western route to Asia, and what the crews found was a continent nobody on board had expected. 8月3日
  19. 1492 コロンブスがカリブ海の島に着くColumbus reached an island in the Caribbean, believing he had arrived in Asia, and he never accepted that he had not. 10月12日
  20. 1493 コロンブスがスペインに戻るColumbus sailed back into the port he had left seven months earlier, bringing parrots, a little gold and several captives, and telling everyone he had reached Asia. 3月15日
  21. 1494 コロンブスがジャマイカを見るOn his second voyage Columbus sighted Jamaica, an island he would come back to ten years later only to be stranded there for a year. 5月3日
  22. 1494 世界を2つに分ける線Spain and Portugal signed a treaty drawing a line down the Atlantic and agreeing that new lands to the west would be Spain's and those to the east Portugal's. 6月7日
  23. 1500 ポルトガルの船団がブラジルに着くA fleet bound for India came upon the coast of Brazil, whether by accident or on purpose no one is sure, and Portugal claimed the land it had found. 4月22日
  24. 1504 コロンブスが月食を言い当てるStranded in Jamaica and running short of food, Columbus warned the islanders that the Moon would disappear that night, and it did. 2月29日
  25. 1504 ダビデ像が公開されるMichelangelo's marble David was set up in the main square of Florence after four days of moving it through the streets, a block of stone other sculptors had given up on as ruined. 9月8日
  26. 1509 ヘンリー8世が戴冠するHenry the Eighth was crowned at seventeen, a tall, athletic prince who spoke several languages, and nobody could have guessed he would marry six times. 6月24日
  27. 1512 システィーナ礼拝堂の天井が公開The ceiling Michelangelo had painted lying on his back for four years was shown to the public for the first time. 11月1日
  28. 1517 ルターが95か条を突きつけるMartin Luther is said to have sent out ninety-five arguments against the selling of forgiveness, and the church in Europe soon split in two. 10月31日
  29. 1519 レオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチが没するLeonardo died in France, leaving behind notebooks of flying machines and bridges that no one could read for centuries because he wrote backwards. 5月2日
  30. 1519 マゼランがセビリアを出るFive ships and about two hundred and seventy men set off down a river from Seville to find a western route to the Spice Islands, and three years later one ship and eighteen men came home. 8月10日
  31. 1519 マゼランの船隊がスペインを出航Five ships left Spain under Ferdinand Magellan to look for a western route to the spice islands. 9月20日
  32. 1520 マゼランが太平洋に出るMagellan's ships came out of the strait at the bottom of South America into an ocean so calm that he called it the peaceful sea. 11月28日
  33. 1522 世界一周が終わるOne ship came back to Spain with eighteen men aboard, three years after five ships and more than two hundred had set out. 9月6日
  34. 1532 カハマルカでインカ皇帝が捕らわれるA small Spanish force captured the Inca emperor in the middle of his own army, and an empire of millions began to fall apart. 11月16日
  35. 1564 ガリレオが生まれるGalileo was born in Pisa three days before Michelangelo died, and he would spend his life measuring things that others had only argued about. 2月15日
  36. 1564 ミケランジェロが死ぬMichelangelo died in Rome at eighty-eight, still working on a sculpture a few days before, and his body was carried back to Florence in secret. 2月18日
  37. 1564 シェイクスピアが洗礼を受けるA parish record in Stratford shows that Shakespeare was baptised on this day, and because nobody wrote down his birthday, the world settled on the twenty-third instead. 4月26日
  38. 1577 ドレークが世界一周に出るDrake sailed from Plymouth with five ships on a voyage that would take him round the world, the first captain to complete the trip alive, and he came home three years later with a hold full of Spanish treasure. 12月13日
  39. 1582 10日を消す暦の命令が出るA papal document ordered ten days to be dropped from the calendar, so that in some countries October of that year jumped from the fourth straight to the fifteenth. 2月24日
  40. 1587 スコットランド女王メアリーの処刑Mary Queen of Scots was executed after nineteen years as a prisoner, and her son later became king of both countries. 2月8日
  41. 1600 東インド会社ができるA group of London merchants was given the right to trade in the East, and the company they formed ended up ruling a subcontinent. 12月31日
  42. 1602 株式を売った最初の会社The Dutch East India Company was set up with money from ordinary citizens who could buy and sell their shares, which is why it is often called the first company of its kind. 3月20日
  43. 1602 ボドリアン図書館が開くA library rebuilt at Oxford by a retired diplomat opened its doors, and by an agreement he made a few years later it has received a copy of every book published in Britain ever since. 11月8日
  44. 1605 火薬陰謀事件が見つかるA man was found in a cellar under Parliament with enough gunpowder to destroy the building, and Britain has remembered the date ever since. 11月5日
  45. 1607 ジェームズタウンが作られるAbout a hundred English settlers landed on a swampy riverbank in Virginia and began the first lasting English colony in America, and most of them were dead within a year. 5月14日
  46. 1609 ガリレオが望遠鏡を見せるGalileo showed a telescope he had built to the rulers of Venice from the top of a bell tower, letting them see ships hours before they could be seen with the eye, and his salary was doubled. 8月25日
  47. 1610 木星に月が見つかるGalileo saw three small points of light beside Jupiter and realised over the following nights that they were going around it, not around the Earth. 1月7日
  48. 1612 ガリレオが海王星を見ていたGalileo drew a faint point of light near Jupiter in his notebook and took it for a star, and it was only centuries later that astronomers realised he had recorded Neptune before anyone knew it existed. 12月28日
  49. 1613 グローブ座が燃えるA cannon fired during a play about Henry the Eighth set the thatched roof of Shakespeare's theatre alight, and the whole building burned to the ground within an hour. 6月29日
  50. 1614 ポカホンタスが結婚するA chief's daughter married an English settler in Virginia, and the marriage brought several years of peace between the colony and her people. 4月5日
  51. 1616 コペルニクスの本が禁書になるThe Church put the book that placed the Sun at the centre on its list of banned works, and it stayed there for more than two hundred years. 3月5日
  52. 1616 シェイクスピアとセルバンテスの命日Two of the greatest writers in Europe died on the same date, and yet they did not die on the same day, because the two countries used different calendars. 4月23日
  53. 1620 メイフラワー号が出港するThe Mayflower left England with about a hundred passengers, two months later than planned, which meant arriving as winter began. 9月16日
  54. 1620 メイフラワー誓約が結ばれるBefore going ashore, the men on the Mayflower signed an agreement to make and obey their own laws, because they had landed far from where they were allowed to settle. 11月11日
  55. 1633 ガリレオがローマへ呼ばれるGalileo arrived in Rome to face a court, carried part of the way in a litter because he was old and ill. 2月13日
  56. 1633 ガリレオが自説を取り消させられるGalileo was made to say in public that the Earth did not move, and he spent the rest of his life confined to his house. 6月22日
  57. 1636 ハーバードが始まるThe colony voted to give money for a new college, which was later named after a young minister who left it his library. 10月28日
  58. 1642 ガリレオが死ぬGalileo died under house arrest, having spent his last years forbidden to leave his home or publish anything new. 1月8日
  59. 1642 ヨーロッパ人がニュージーランドを見るTasman's ships sighted the coast of New Zealand, and he left without ever setting foot on the land. 12月13日
  60. 1643 ニュートン誕生Newton was born on a date that his own country wrote as December 25 of the previous year, because England was still using an older calendar. 1月4日
  61. 1655 土星の月が見つかるHuygens found a moon circling Saturn with a telescope he had built with his brother, and he also worked out that the planet's strange shape was a ring. 3月25日
  62. 1666 ロンドン大火が始まるA fire that started in a baker's shop burned for four days and destroyed most of the old city, yet very few people are recorded as having died. 9月2日
  63. 1671 王冠が盗まれかけるA man dressed as a priest almost walked out of the Tower of London with the crown flattened under his coat, and the king let him go free. 5月9日
  64. 1687 ニュートンの『プリンキピア』が出るNewton published the book that explained why apples fall and why planets move, and a friend paid for the printing out of his own pocket. 7月5日
  65. 1703 ピョートル大帝が新しい都を築くPeter the Great laid the first stone of a city on marshland at the edge of the Baltic, built by tens of thousands of forced workers, and made it his capital nine years later. 5月27日
  66. 1706 ベンジャミン・フランクリン誕生Franklin was born the fifteenth of seventeen children and had two years of schooling, after which he taught himself by reading everything he could borrow. 1月17日
  67. 1707 はじめての英国議会が開かれるThe first Parliament of Great Britain met after England and Scotland were joined into one kingdom earlier that year. 10月23日
  68. 1707 富士山が最後に噴火するMount Fuji erupted for the last time, throwing ash as far as Edo, where people wrote of lighting candles at noon, and the eruption left a new crater on the mountain's side that is still there. 12月16日
  69. 1722 イースター島に船が着くA Dutch ship reached an island on Easter Sunday and named it after the day, which is why the island still carries that name in Europe. 4月5日
  70. 1732 ハイドンが生まれるHaydn was born in an Austrian village to a wheelwright, and he wrote so many symphonies that the form itself is often said to have been shaped by him. 3月31日
  71. 1743 ジェファーソンが生まれるThe man who would write the Declaration of Independence was born in Virginia, and he asked that his gravestone mention that and a university he founded, but not that he had been president. 4月13日
  72. 1755 リスボン地震An earthquake struck Lisbon on a holy day when the churches were full, and the fire and the sea that followed destroyed most of the city. 11月1日
  73. 1756 モーツァルトが生まれるMozart was born in Salzburg and was playing for kings and queens by the age of six, and he wrote more than six hundred works before dying at thirty-five. 1月27日
  74. 1759 ロバート・バーンズ誕生The poet who wrote the words sung all over the world on New Year's Eve was born in a cottage his father had built. 1月25日
  75. 1762 ニューヨークで最初のパレードIrish soldiers serving in the British army marched through New York on their saint's day, and the city has held a parade on this date almost every year since. 3月17日
  76. 1768 クックが最初の航海に出るCook sailed from England with orders to watch Venus cross the sun, and a second set of orders he was told not to open until he was at sea. 8月26日
  77. 1770 クックの船が珊瑚礁に乗り上げるCook's ship struck a coral reef off Australia at night, and the crew saved it by throwing guns overboard and pulling a sail under the hole. 6月11日
  78. 1773 ボストン茶会事件Men dressed as Native Americans threw a shipload of tea into Boston harbour to protest against a tax they had no part in setting. 12月16日
  79. 1774 酸素が取り出されるPriestley heated a red powder with sunlight through a lens and collected a gas in which a candle burned brighter and a mouse lived longer, though he never understood what he had found. 8月1日
  80. 1775 夜通しの伝令が走るRiders set out at night to warn towns that troops were moving, and a poem written eighty years later gave the credit to only one of them. 4月18日
  81. 1775 アメリカ独立戦争が始まるThe first shots between British soldiers and colonists were fired on a village green in Massachusetts, and a poem later called the first of them the shot heard round the world. 4月19日
  82. 1776 アメリカ独立宣言が採択されるRepresentatives of thirteen colonies approved a declaration which stated that all men are created equal. 7月4日
  83. 1777 アメリカの旗が決められるCongress agreed that the flag should have thirteen stripes and thirteen stars, and the number of stars has changed twenty-six times since then. 6月14日
  84. 1778 クックがハワイに着くCook became the first European known to reach Hawaii, arriving at islands whose people had crossed thousands of kilometres of ocean to settle them. 1月18日
  85. 1780 ニューイングランドの暗い日The sky over New England went dark at noon and candles were lit at midday, and it took two centuries to work out that distant forest fires were the cause. 5月19日
  86. 1781 天王星が見つかるAn amateur astronomer using a telescope he had made himself found a new planet, the first one added to the list since ancient times. 3月13日
  87. 1781 ヨークタウンで英軍が降伏A British army surrendered at Yorktown, and although the war was not officially over, the fighting in America had effectively ended. 10月19日
  88. 1782 ワシが国の印になるCongress adopted a seal showing a bald eagle holding arrows and an olive branch, and the story that Franklin wanted a turkey instead comes from a joking letter to his daughter. 6月20日
  89. 1783 気球が初めて人前で上がるTwo brothers who made paper filled a cloth bag with hot air in a market square, and it rose high enough to be seen from far away. 6月4日
  90. 1783 パリ条約でアメリカ独立が認められるBritain formally recognised the United States as an independent country, nearly two years after the fighting had effectively stopped. 9月3日
  91. 1783 人が初めて自由に空を飛ぶTwo men rose over Paris in a balloon filled with hot air and came down safely, the first people to fly free of the ground. 11月21日
  92. 1785 気球でドーバー海峡を渡るTwo men crossed the Channel in a balloon, throwing out everything they could, including most of their clothes, to stay above the water. 1月7日
  93. 1786 モンブランに初めて登るTwo men from Chamonix reached the top of the highest mountain in the Alps, one a doctor and the other a crystal hunter, and their climb is often called the birth of mountaineering. 8月8日
  94. 1787 アメリカ合衆国憲法に署名After a summer of argument in Philadelphia, thirty-nine delegates signed the Constitution of the United States. 9月17日
  95. 1788 最初の船団がシドニーに着くEleven ships carrying convicts and guards anchored in Sydney Cove, a date now marked as a national day and mourned by others as an invasion. 1月26日
  96. 1789 ワシントンが全員一致で選ばれるEvery elector voted for Washington, the only time that has ever happened, and he is said to have accepted the job with more worry than pride. 2月4日
  97. 1789 アメリカ議会が初めて開くThe new Congress met for the first time on this date, which stayed the day for starting a presidency until it was moved to January. 3月4日
  98. 1789 バウンティ号の反乱Sailors on a British ship in the Pacific seized control and set their captain adrift in a small boat, and he sailed it nearly six thousand kilometres to safety. 4月28日
  99. 1789 ワシントンが就任するWashington took the oath as the first president on a balcony in New York, and he was so nervous that people said his hands shook as he read his speech. 4月30日
  100. 1789 権利章典が提案されるMadison stood up in Congress and proposed a list of rights that the new government could never take away, and ten of them became the Bill of Rights two years later. 6月8日
  101. 1789 バスティーユが襲われるA crowd took a prison that held only seven men at the time, and the day became the national holiday of France. 7月14日
  102. 1789 権利章典のもとが可決されるCongress sent twelve proposed amendments to the states, and ten of them later became known as the Bill of Rights. 9月25日
  103. 1789 最初の感謝祭の祝日Washington set aside this day for the whole country to give thanks for the new constitution, the first national holiday of its kind, though it was many years before the day became a yearly one. 11月26日
  104. 1790 アメリカ最初の特許The first American patent was signed by the president himself, and it covered a way of making a substance used in soap and glass. 7月31日
  105. 1791 モースが生まれるThe man whose code of dots and dashes carried messages for more than a century was born in Massachusetts, and he spent the first half of his life as a painter. 4月27日
  106. 1791 ハイチで蜂起が始まるEnslaved people on a Caribbean island rose up in the night, and the struggle that followed ended with the first nation founded by people who had freed themselves. 8月23日
  107. 1791 ファラデー誕生、電気の時代へMichael Faraday was born into a poor family and, with almost no formal schooling, later showed how a magnet can produce electricity. 9月22日
  108. 1791 いまも続く日曜紙が創刊The Observer appeared for the first time, and it is still published every Sunday more than two centuries later. 12月4日
  109. 1791 モーツァルト死去Mozart died at thirty-five with a work unfinished on his desk, and where exactly he was buried is not known. 12月5日
  110. 1791 権利章典が発効するEnough states approved the first ten amendments for them to become part of the constitution, more than two years after Congress had sent them out. 12月15日
  111. 1792 ニューヨーク証券取引所のもとTwenty-four brokers signed a short agreement under a tree on Wall Street, and that paper grew into the largest stock exchange in the world. 5月17日
  112. 1792 フランスが王政を廃止The new National Convention in Paris voted to abolish the monarchy, and France became a republic the next day. 9月21日
  113. 1792 ホワイトハウスの礎石が置かれるThe cornerstone of the White House was laid, and the building did not get its familiar name officially for over a century. 10月13日
  114. 1793 マリー・アントワネット処刑Marie Antoinette was executed in Paris, and the words she is most famous for were almost certainly never spoken by her. 10月16日
  115. 1796 最初の種痘が行われるJenner put matter from a milkmaid's hand into a boy's arm to protect him from smallpox, and the Latin word for cow gave us the word vaccine. 5月14日
  116. 1797 『フランケンシュタイン』の作者が生まれるMary Shelley was born in London, lost her mother days later, and wrote the novel that gave the world its most famous monster before she was twenty, during a rainy summer in Switzerland. 8月30日
  117. 1799 所得税が生まれるBritain introduced a tax on income to pay for a war, promising that it would be removed when the fighting was over, and it never quite went away. 1月9日
  118. 1799 ロゼッタストーンが見つかるSoldiers digging near a town in Egypt found a stone carved with the same text in three scripts, which let scholars read hieroglyphs again. 7月15日

1800〜1899年191件

  1. 1800 議会図書館が作られるCongress set aside five thousand dollars to buy books for its own use, and the collection has grown into the largest library in the world. 4月24日
  2. 1803 ルイジアナがアメリカへ引き渡されるFrance handed over a territory that doubled the size of the United States, sold for less than three cents an acre. 12月20日
  3. 1804 ナポレオンが皇帝になるThe Senate declared Napoleon emperor, and at the ceremony that winter he took the crown from the Pope's hands and placed it on his own head. 5月18日
  4. 1804 ナポレオンの戴冠式Napoleon was crowned emperor in Notre-Dame in a ceremony that lasted about three hours, and the huge painting of it that hangs in the Louvre shows him crowning his wife rather than himself. 12月2日
  5. 1805 アンデルセンが生まれるThe writer who gave the world the ugly duckling and the little mermaid was born in Denmark, and his birthday is now Children's Book Day. 4月2日
  6. 1805 トラファルガー海戦Before the battle of Trafalgar began, Nelson had a message run up the masts of his ship for the whole fleet to read. 10月21日
  7. 1807 ロングフェローが生まれるThe poet who turned a midnight ride into a story every American child once learned by heart was born in Maine, and his verse was the first American poetry widely read abroad. 2月27日
  8. 1807 蒸気船が客を乗せて川を上るA steamboat left New York for Albany with passengers on board and made the trip up the river in thirty-two hours, a journey that took four days by sailing boat, and people had called the project Fulton's Folly. 8月17日
  9. 1808 ベートーヴェンの4時間の演奏会Beethoven put on a concert of new works that lasted four hours in an unheated hall, and much of it was played without enough rehearsal. 12月22日
  10. 1809 点字を作った少年が生まれるBraille was born in a village near Paris, lost his sight as a small child, and by fifteen had worked out a way to read with the fingers. 1月4日
  11. 1809 エドガー・アラン・ポー誕生Poe was born in Boston and went on to invent the detective story, giving later writers a form they are still using. 1月19日
  12. 1809 ダーウィンとリンカーンが同じ日に生まれるDarwin and Lincoln were born on the same day, one in an English country house and the other in a one-room cabin in Kentucky. 2月12日
  13. 1810 チリが自前の政府をつくるChile set up its own governing body while Spain was in turmoil, and the country still celebrates this day as its national day. 9月18日
  14. 1810 オクトーバーフェストの始まりA royal wedding in Munich was celebrated with horse races that the whole city was invited to, and the party became Oktoberfest. 10月12日
  15. 1812 ディケンズ誕生Dickens was born into a family that soon fell into debt, and at twelve he was sent to work in a factory pasting labels on pots. 2月7日
  16. 1812 詩人バイロンが議会で演説In his first speech to the House of Lords, a young poet argued against putting men to death for breaking the machines that had taken away their work. 2月27日
  17. 1813 『高慢と偏見』が出るA novel that opens by declaring what everyone supposedly knows about rich single men was published without the author's name on it. 1月28日
  18. 1813 「アンクル・サム」が活字になるA newspaper in Troy, New York, used the name Uncle Sam for the United States government, a nickname said to come from a meat packer whose barrels for the army were stamped U.S. 9月7日
  19. 1814 ナポレオンが退位するNapoleon gave up the throne and was sent to a small island off Italy, but he came back to France within a year. 4月11日
  20. 1814 国歌になる詩が書かれるA lawyer held on a British ship watched a fort being shelled all night and, seeing the flag still there at dawn, wrote the poem that became the national anthem more than a century later. 9月14日
  21. 1814 ロンドンでビールの洪水A huge vat burst at a London brewery and released a wave of beer that broke through walls and flooded the street. 10月17日
  22. 1815 ワーテルローの戦いNapoleon lost a battle in what is now Belgium, and the name of the place has since come to mean the defeat that ends someone's run of success. 6月18日
  23. 1815 ナポレオンがセントヘレナ島へNapoleon arrived at Saint Helena, an island so far from anywhere that the British believed he could never escape again. 10月15日
  24. 1817 ニューヨーク証券取引所が名乗るThe brokers who had met under a tree twenty-five years earlier wrote down formal rules and took the name of a stock exchange, renting a room to trade in. 3月8日
  25. 1817 ソローが生まれるThe man who lived alone in a cabin by a pond for two years to see what he could do without was born in Massachusetts, and his essay on refusing to obey unjust laws was read by Gandhi and King. 7月12日
  26. 1818 まっすぐな国境が引かれるBritain and the United States agreed to draw their border along a line of latitude, which is why part of it looks perfectly straight on a map. 10月20日
  27. 1820 ミロのヴィーナスが見つかるA farmer digging on a Greek island uncovered a marble figure of a woman, and nobody has ever found the arms that once belonged to it. 4月8日
  28. 1820 ナイチンゲールが生まれるThe woman who turned nursing into a trained profession was born in Italy, and she made her case to the government with charts rather than words. 5月12日
  29. 1821 ナポレオンが島で没するNapoleon died on a rocky island in the South Atlantic where he had been kept for nearly six years, and his body was brought back to Paris only in 1840. 5月5日
  30. 1824 「第九」が初めて演奏されるBeethoven stood beside the conductor at the first performance of his ninth symphony, and a singer had to turn him round to see the applause he could not hear. 5月7日
  31. 1825 世界初の公共鉄道が開通The Stockton and Darlington Railway opened in England as the first public railway in the world to run steam locomotives. 9月27日
  32. 1826 2人の大統領が同じ日に死ぬJefferson and Adams, who had written the Declaration together and then quarrelled for years, both died on its fiftieth anniversary, a few hours apart. 7月4日
  33. 1828 ジュール・ヴェルヌが生まれるThe writer who sent readers around the world in eighty days and to the bottom of the sea was born in a French port, and he hardly travelled himself. 2月8日
  34. 1828 アメリカ版の英語辞書が出るWebster published a dictionary that dropped the u from colour and turned centre around, and those spellings are American English today. 4月14日
  35. 1829 オックスフォードとケンブリッジが漕ぐStudents from two universities raced boats on the Thames for the first time, starting a contest that has been rowed nearly every year since. 6月10日
  36. 1829 タイプライターの特許が下りるBurt was granted a patent for a writing machine, though it was slower than writing by hand and the original was later lost in a fire. 7月23日
  37. 1829 ロンドンに近代警察が誕生The first officers of London's new police force went out on patrol, and people soon started calling them bobbies. 9月29日
  38. 1830 都市と都市を結ぶ鉄道が開くThe first railway to carry passengers between two cities by steam opened between Liverpool and Manchester, and a member of parliament was killed by a train on the opening day. 9月15日
  39. 1831 電気と磁気がつながるFaraday wound wire around an iron ring and found that moving a magnet could make a current, which is how power stations work today. 8月29日
  40. 1831 ダーウィンが船に乗るDarwin sailed as an unpaid companion to the captain, on a voyage meant to last two years that kept him away for five. 12月27日
  41. 1833 エイダがバベッジに出会うA seventeen-year-old girl was taken to a party where a mathematician showed off a calculating machine, and she was the only guest who wanted to know how it worked. 6月5日
  42. 1835 ダーウィンがガラパゴスに着くThe Beagle reached the Galapagos Islands, where Darwin collected birds without noting which island each had come from, a mistake he later regretted. 9月15日
  43. 1835 マーク・トウェイン誕生Mark Twain was born in the year Halley's Comet appeared, and he said he expected to go out with it, which he did. 11月30日
  44. 1837 18歳のヴィクトリアが女王になるVictoria was woken before six in the morning to be told she was queen, and she reigned for more than sixty-three years. 6月20日
  45. 1838 モースが電信を人前で見せるMorse sent a message along three miles of wire at an iron works in New Jersey, and it took another six years to get money for a real line. 1月6日
  46. 1839 OK が初めて活字になるA Boston newspaper printed the letters OK as a joke, a deliberate misspelling of all correct, and the word outlived the joke that made it. 3月23日
  47. 1839 写真の作り方が世界に贈られるFrance bought the rights to a photographic process and gave it to the world free of charge, so that anyone could use it without a licence. 8月19日
  48. 1840 ワイタンギ条約が結ばれるBritish officials and Maori chiefs signed a treaty in New Zealand, and because the English and Maori versions did not say quite the same thing, it is still argued over today. 2月6日
  49. 1840 白いウェディングドレスの始まりVictoria married Albert wearing a white dress at a time when brides wore any colour they liked, and the choice turned white into the colour of weddings. 2月10日
  50. 1840 世界初の切手が売られるBritain issued the first stamp that could be stuck on a letter, a black penny stamp with the queen's head, and for the first time the sender paid rather than the receiver. 5月1日
  51. 1842 ヴェルディの「ナブッコ」が初演されるAn opera by a composer who had nearly given up after losing his wife and children opened in Milan, and a chorus in it became a song that Italians still sing together. 3月9日
  52. 1843 『クリスマス・キャロル』が出るDickens published a short book in six weeks to pay his debts, and the name of its main character became an English word for a mean person. 12月19日
  53. 1844 電信で最初の文が送られるMorse sent a line chosen from the Bible along a wire from Washington to Baltimore, and the answer came back in a few seconds. 5月24日
  54. 1844 オオウミガラスが絶えた日Fishermen killed the last known pair of a large flightless seabird on a rock off Iceland, collecting them for a dealer who paid for rare specimens. 6月3日
  55. 1845 『大鴉』が発表されるPoe's poem about a talking bird that answers every question with the same word appeared in a New York newspaper and made him famous almost at once. 1月29日
  56. 1845 レントゲンが生まれるThe man who found a new kind of ray and refused to patent it so that everyone could use it was born in Germany, and he named the ray with a letter for the unknown. 3月27日
  57. 1845 『サイエンティフィック・アメリカン』の創刊A four-page weekly about new inventions was first printed in New York, and it is now the oldest magazine in the United States still being published. 8月28日
  58. 1846 サクソフォンの特許A Belgian instrument maker living in Paris patented a family of brass instruments played with a reed, meant to fill the gap between the woodwinds and the brass in military bands. 6月28日
  59. 1846 スミソニアンが作られるA group of museums was founded in Washington with money left by an Englishman who had never once set foot in the country. 8月10日
  60. 1846 ミシンの最初の特許Howe was granted a patent for a sewing machine that used two threads and a needle with the eye near the point, and he later won a long court fight against Singer, who had copied the idea. 9月10日
  61. 1846 海王星が計算どおりに見つかるAstronomers in Berlin found Neptune on the very first night they looked, almost exactly where mathematics had said it would be. 9月23日
  62. 1847 エジソンが生まれるEdison was born in Ohio, had about three months of formal schooling, and went on to hold more than a thousand patents in the United States alone. 2月11日
  63. 1847 電話を作ったベルが生まれるBell was born in Edinburgh into a family that taught the deaf to speak, and he thought of himself as a teacher of the deaf rather than an inventor. 3月3日
  64. 1848 カリフォルニアで金が見つかるA carpenter noticed something shining in a millrace, and his employer tried to keep it quiet, which lasted only a few weeks. 1月24日
  65. 1848 女性の権利を求める大会が開かれるThree hundred people met in a small New York town and signed a paper asking that women be allowed to vote, seventy-two years before the law changed. 7月19日
  66. 1848 鉄の棒が頭を貫いた男An explosion drove an iron bar through a railway worker's head, and he walked and talked afterwards but was said to be a different person. 9月13日
  67. 1849 アメリカ初の女性医師Blackwell became the first woman in the United States to receive a medical degree, having been admitted only because the students voted to let her in as a joke. 1月23日
  68. 1850 『緋文字』が出るA novel about a woman made to wear a red letter on her dress as a punishment came out in Boston and sold its first printing in ten days. 3月16日
  69. 1850 カリフォルニアが州になるCalifornia became a state only two years after gold was found, skipping the years of waiting most territories went through, and the news took six weeks to reach the West Coast by ship. 9月9日
  70. 1851 ミシンの特許が下りるSinger was granted a patent for a sewing machine that worked with a foot pedal, leaving both hands free, and he sold it on instalments so that families who could not pay at once could still buy one. 8月12日
  71. 1851 『白鯨』がアメリカで出るMelville's novel about a captain hunting a white whale was published in New York, sold fewer than four thousand copies in his lifetime, and was rediscovered as a masterpiece thirty years after he died. 11月14日
  72. 1852 『アンクル・トムの小屋』が出るA novel about slavery came out as a book and sold three hundred thousand copies in its first year in the United States alone. 3月20日
  73. 1853 ペリーの艦隊が浦賀に現れるFour American ships appeared off Uraga, two of them driven by steam, and the country they had come to open had been closed for more than two centuries. 7月8日
  74. 1856 テスラが生まれるTesla was born during a thunderstorm in what is now Croatia, and the alternating current he championed is what comes out of every wall socket today. 7月10日
  75. 1857 人が乗るエレベーターが動くThe first passenger lift for the public began carrying shoppers up five floors of a store in New York, and without it no building could have been much taller. 3月23日
  76. 1858 消しゴム付き鉛筆の特許Lipman was given a patent for putting a piece of rubber into the end of a pencil, but a court later ruled that joining two known things was not an invention. 3月30日
  77. 1858 自然選択の考えが初めて読まれるPapers by Darwin and by a younger man who had reached the same idea on his own were read together at a meeting in London, and neither author was in the room. 7月1日
  78. 1858 大西洋の海底に線がつながるA cable laid across the ocean floor joined Europe and America, and a message that had taken ten days by ship now took a matter of hours. 8月5日
  79. 1858 女王と大統領が海を越えて言葉を交わすThe Queen sent the first message across the new Atlantic cable to the American president, ninety-nine words that took sixteen hours to get through, and the cable failed for good three weeks later. 8月16日
  80. 1858 セオドア・ルーズベルト誕生Theodore Roosevelt was born in New York, and a toy was later named after him because he refused to shoot a tied-up bear. 10月27日
  81. 1859 コナン・ドイルが生まれるThe doctor who created Sherlock Holmes was born in Edinburgh, and he later tried to kill his own character off, only to bring him back eight years later. 5月22日
  82. 1859 ウェストミンスターの大時計が動き出すThe great clock at Westminster began keeping time, though the bell that people now call Big Ben did not strike until six weeks later. 5月31日
  83. 1859 石油が掘り当てられるA well drilled by a retired railway conductor in Pennsylvania struck oil at about twenty-one metres, and within a year the quiet valley was crowded with drills and the price of oil had collapsed. 8月27日
  84. 1859 空中ブランコが生まれた夜Jules Leotard flew between trapezes above a circus pool in Paris, and the one-piece costume he wore still carries his name. 11月12日
  85. 1859 『種の起源』が売り出されるDarwin's book went on sale and the whole printing was taken by booksellers on the first day, though he had delayed writing it for twenty years. 11月24日
  86. 1860 ポニー・エクスプレスが走り出すRiders set off from both ends of a two-thousand-mile route at the same time, carrying mail across the West in ten days instead of weeks, and the service lasted only eighteen months. 4月3日
  87. 1860 リンカーンが大統領に選ばれるLincoln won the presidency without appearing on the ballot in most southern states, and several of them began leaving the Union within weeks. 11月6日
  88. 1861 リンカーンが大統領になるLincoln took office on the old inauguration date with seven states already gone from the Union, and he was guarded on the way because of threats to his life. 3月4日
  89. 1862 南北戦争、アンティータムの戦いIn a single day at Antietam, more than twenty thousand soldiers were killed, wounded, or reported missing. 9月17日
  90. 1862 リンカーンが奴隷解放を予告Lincoln announced that on the first day of the new year he would free the people held as slaves in the states still fighting against the Union. 9月22日
  91. 1863 奴隷解放宣言が発効するThe Emancipation Proclamation came into effect, and a war fought to save the Union became a war to end slavery. 1月1日
  92. 1863 世界初の地下鉄が開業London opened the first underground railway, running steam trains through tunnels that filled with smoke passengers had to breathe. 1月10日
  93. 1863 感謝祭が全国の行事になるLincoln asked Americans to set aside the last Thursday of November as a day of thanks, in the middle of a civil war. 10月3日
  94. 1863 サッカー協会が作られるClubs met at a London tavern to agree on one set of rules, and the game they defined came to be called association football. 10月26日
  95. 1863 ゲティスバーグ演説Lincoln spoke for about two minutes at Gettysburg, and his short speech is better remembered than the two-hour one that came before it. 11月19日
  96. 1864 最初のジュネーブ条約Twelve countries agreed that people caring for the wounded should not be attacked, and they chose a red cross on white as the sign to show it. 8月22日
  97. 1865 アメリカの内戦が終わりに向かうLee surrendered in a private house in Virginia, and the terms allowed his men to keep their horses and go home instead of being held. 4月9日
  98. 1865 リンカーンが劇場で撃たれるLincoln was shot from behind while watching a play in Washington, five days after the war had ended, and he died the next morning without waking. 4月14日
  99. 1865 テキサスに解放が伝わるSoldiers reached Texas and read out that the enslaved people there were free, two and a half years after the order had been signed. 6月19日
  100. 1865 アメリカで奴隷制が廃止されるThe amendment abolishing slavery was declared part of the constitution, finishing what the proclamation of 1863 had only begun. 12月18日
  101. 1865 キプリングが生まれるThe writer of The Jungle Book was born in Bombay to English parents, and his poem telling a boy how to become a man is still voted the nation's favourite in Britain. 12月30日
  102. 1867 アラスカを買う条約に署名The United States agreed to buy Alaska from Russia for about two cents an acre, a deal that newspapers mocked as a frozen waste of money. 3月30日
  103. 1867 アラスカがアメリカへRussia handed Alaska over to the United States, which had paid about two cents an acre for land many Americans thought worthless. 10月18日
  104. 1867 マリー・キュリー誕生Marie Curie was born in Warsaw at a time when women could not attend university there, so she later studied in Paris instead. 11月7日
  105. 1868 アメリカ憲法の修正第14条An amendment took effect saying that anyone born in the country was a citizen with equal protection under the law, and courts still argue about its words today. 7月28日
  106. 1868 太陽の中に新しい元素が見つかるDuring an eclipse seen from India, an astronomer noticed a yellow line in the Sun's light that matched no element known on Earth, and the new element was named after the Greek word for the Sun. 8月18日
  107. 1868 世界初の信号機が立つA signal with moving arms by day and red and green gas lamps by night was put up outside Parliament to protect people crossing the road, and a month later it exploded and injured the policeman working it. 12月9日
  108. 1869 アメリカを鉄道が横切るTwo railway lines met in Utah and a golden spike was driven in, cutting the journey across the country from months to about a week. 5月10日
  109. 1869 ガンジー誕生、国際非暴力デーにMohandas Gandhi was born in India, and the United Nations now marks his birthday by asking the world to reject violence. 10月2日
  110. 1869 最初の大学対抗アメフトRutgers and Princeton played the first game between two colleges, using rules that were closer to soccer than to the sport played today. 11月6日
  111. 1869 スエズ運河が開通The Suez Canal opened, cutting the sea route from Europe to Asia by thousands of kilometres without a single lock. 11月17日
  112. 1871 ロイヤル・アルバート・ホールが開くA round concert hall opened in London, and its echo was so bad that people joked it was the only place where a composer could hear a work played twice. 3月29日
  113. 1871 オーヴィル・ライトが生まれるThe younger of the two brothers who first flew was born in Ohio, and it was he who lay on the wing for the first flight, chosen by the toss of a coin his brother had won and then wasted on a failed attempt. 8月19日
  114. 1871 シカゴ大火が起きるA fire spread through Chicago for two days, destroying much of the city and leaving about a hundred thousand people without homes. 10月8日
  115. 1871 スタンリーがリヴィングストンに会うStanley found the missing explorer by a lake in Africa, and the greeting he reported has been doubted ever since. 11月10日
  116. 1872 メトロポリタン美術館が開くA museum opened in New York with one hundred and seventy-four paintings in a rented building, and it now holds about two million objects. 2月20日
  117. 1872 世界初の国立公園ができるA law set aside a huge area of geysers and canyons as a park for everyone, the first time a country had kept land in that way. 3月1日
  118. 1872 誰もいない船が漂っていたA ship was found sailing in the Atlantic with its sails set, food on the table and not a soul on board, and what happened to the ten people who had been on it has never been explained. 12月4日
  119. 1873 ジーンズに特許が下りるA tailor in Nevada and a cloth merchant in San Francisco were granted a patent for work trousers held together with metal rivets, and the trousers became jeans. 5月20日
  120. 1874 ロバート・フロストが生まれるThe poet whose lines about two roads in a wood are quoted at graduations everywhere was born in San Francisco, though he is thought of as a New England writer. 3月26日
  121. 1874 万国郵便連合ができるTwenty-two countries agreed to treat the whole world as a single postal area, so that one stamp could carry a letter abroad. 10月9日
  122. 1874 チャーチル誕生Winston Churchill was born two months early at a country house, and he later made his name with words rather than with weapons. 11月30日
  123. 1876 電話の特許が同じ日に2件Bell filed a patent for the telephone on the same day that another inventor filed a notice about a very similar idea. 2月14日
  124. 1876 ベルが電話の特許を得るBell was granted the telephone patent three weeks after he filed it, and he made his first successful call only three days later. 3月7日
  125. 1876 電話で初めて言葉が届くBell spilled acid on himself and called to his assistant in the next room, and the words came out of the wire as clearly as he had hoped. 3月10日
  126. 1877 クラークが札幌を去るClark said goodbye to his students on the road out of Sapporo, and the words he is said to have left them survive only in a pupil's memoir. 4月16日
  127. 1877 最初のウィンブルドンが始まるTwenty-two men paid to enter the first tennis championship, which was held to raise money to repair a broken roller for the lawn. 7月9日
  128. 1877 エジソンが蓄音機を発表するEdison announced a machine that could record sound on a sheet of tinfoil and play it back, and when he showed it in New York the following month, a magazine editor wrote that the machine had asked how he was. 11月21日
  129. 1878 エジソンが蓄音機の特許を取るEdison was granted a patent for a machine that could store a human voice and give it back, something no one had managed before. 2月19日
  130. 1878 最初の電話帳が配られるThe first telephone directory was a single sheet of card listing about fifty names in a town in Connecticut, and it gave no numbers at all. 2月21日
  131. 1879 アインシュタイン誕生Albert Einstein, who once wrote that he had no special talent and was only passionately curious, was born in Germany. 3月14日
  132. 1879 エジソンの電球が一晩光り続けるA lamp made with a carbon thread burned for about thirteen hours in Edison's laboratory, long enough to show the idea could work. 10月21日
  133. 1880 ヘレン・ケラーが生まれるKeller was born in Alabama able to see and hear, lost both before she was two, and went on to graduate from college and write a dozen books. 6月27日
  134. 1880 632年かけた大聖堂ができるA cathedral in Cologne was finished six hundred and thirty-two years after the first stone was laid, and it was briefly the tallest building in the world. 8月14日
  135. 1881 アメリカ赤十字ができるA former battlefield nurse founded the American Red Cross at sixty, after years of trying to persuade a country that expected no more wars that it needed one. 5月21日
  136. 1881 ピカソ誕生Pablo Picasso was born in Spain, and he could draw well before he could write, according to his family. 10月25日
  137. 1881 OK牧場の決闘A gunfight in Arizona lasted about thirty seconds, and it has been retold in films ever since as if it were much longer. 10月26日
  138. 1882 『クマのプーさん』の作者が生まれるThe man who wrote about a bear of very little brain was born in London, and the stories were based on his son's toys, which are now kept in a New York library. 1月18日
  139. 1882 フランクリン・ルーズベルトが生まれるThe only president to be elected four times was born in New York, and he led the country through its worst depression and most of its biggest war from a wheelchair. 1月30日
  140. 1882 結核の原因が示されるKoch told a room of doctors that he had found the germ behind a disease that was killing one person in seven, and the room stayed silent. 3月24日
  141. 1882 大砲を使う序曲が初演されるTchaikovsky's overture about the Russian defeat of Napoleon was first played in Moscow, a piece written to be performed with real cannon and church bells, and the composer himself thought little of it. 8月20日
  142. 1882 最初の労働者の日の行進About ten thousand workers took an unpaid day off and marched through New York, and the parade grew into a holiday that now closes the American summer every year. 9月5日
  143. 1883 ブルックリン橋が開通するThe longest suspension bridge in the world opened between Brooklyn and Manhattan, its engineer watching from his window because illness had kept him in bed for a decade. 5月24日
  144. 1883 クラカタウの噴火A volcano between two Indonesian islands exploded so loudly that people nearly five thousand kilometres away reported hearing it. 8月27日
  145. 1883 オリエント急行が初めて走るThe first Orient Express left Paris, offering travellers a bed, a dining car and a route that crossed a continent. 10月4日
  146. 1883 アメリカの時計が一斉にそろうAt noon the railways of North America switched to four time zones, and in many towns clocks were stopped or moved so that people lived through two noons on the same day. 11月18日
  147. 1884 オックスフォード英語辞典の最初の一冊The first part of the Oxford English Dictionary appeared after more than twenty years of work, and it covered only the words from A to ant. 2月1日
  148. 1884 グリニッジが世界の基準になるDelegates meeting in Washington voted to measure the world's longitude from Greenwich, and the day now begins there for everyone. 10月13日
  149. 1884 本初子午線の決議が採択されるThe conference in Washington formally adopted its resolutions, fixing Greenwich as the starting point for the world's longitude. 10月22日
  150. 1885 自由の女神が海を渡ってくるThe statue arrived in New York in two hundred and fourteen crates, and it stood in pieces for months while money was raised for its base. 6月17日
  151. 1885 狂犬病のワクチンが人に使われるPasteur treated a boy who had been bitten by a dog, using something he had never tried on a person before, and the boy lived. 7月6日
  152. 1886 ガソリン自動車の特許Benz was granted a patent for a vehicle with three wheels and an engine, and his wife later drove it a hundred kilometres to prove it worked. 1月29日
  153. 1886 アルミが安く作れるようになるA young chemist working in a shed behind his family home produced small buttons of aluminum, a metal that had cost more than silver. 2月23日
  154. 1886 コカ・コーラが初めて売られるA pharmacist in Atlanta sold his new syrup mixed with soda water at five cents a glass, and it was his bookkeeper who wrote the name in the flowing script still used today. 5月8日
  155. 1886 自動車が初めて街を走るBenz drove his three-wheeled machine around Mannheim on a Sunday, while his son ran alongside carrying a bottle of fuel. 7月3日
  156. 1886 自由の女神の除幕式The Statue of Liberty was unveiled in New York harbour, a gift from France that Americans had to raise money themselves to stand up. 10月28日
  157. 1887 グラウンドホッグの日が始まるA small town in Pennsylvania held its first official ceremony in which a groundhog is said to predict the weather by whether it sees its shadow. 2月2日
  158. 1888 紙のストローが生まれるA patent was granted for a paper drinking tube, invented because rye straws fell apart and left a grassy taste in the drink. 1月3日
  159. 1888 子どもたちを襲った吹雪A warm morning on the American plains turned in minutes into a blizzard, catching children on their way home from school. 1月12日
  160. 1888 ナショナル・ジオグラフィックが生まれるThirty-three men met in Washington to found a society for spreading geographical knowledge, and its magazine became known for its photographs. 1月13日
  161. 1888 ブラジルが奴隷制をやめるBrazil freed the last people still held as slaves, the last country in the Americas to do so, and no payment was made to anyone. 5月13日
  162. 1888 コダックの名が登録されるEastman was granted a patent and the trademark Kodak for a camera sold already loaded with a hundred pictures, and the owner sent the whole camera back to the factory to have them developed. 9月4日
  163. 1889 エッフェル塔ができあがるEiffel climbed the stairs of his finished tower and raised a flag at the top, although many writers had signed a letter calling it ugly. 3月31日
  164. 1889 チャップリンが生まれるThe man who would make the world laugh without saying a word was born in London, and he spent part of his childhood in a workhouse. 4月16日
  165. 1889 ウォール・ストリート・ジャーナルの創刊A four-page afternoon paper about money went on sale for two cents in New York, and its founders had begun by writing news by hand and sending boys to deliver it. 7月8日
  166. 1889 任天堂が創業、花札の店としてNintendo was founded in Kyoto as a small shop that made hanafuda playing cards, more than eighty years before it sold its first video game. 9月23日
  167. 1889 ムーラン・ルージュが開店The Moulin Rouge opened in Paris with a red windmill on its roof, and its dancers made the can-can famous around the world. 10月6日
  168. 1889 ネリー・ブライが世界一周に出るA young reporter left New York alone with one bag, trying to beat the eighty days of a novel, and she came back in seventy-two. 11月14日
  169. 1889 ブラジルが共和国になるArmy officers removed the emperor of Brazil, and the country became a republic almost without anyone fighting. 11月15日
  170. 1889 最初のジュークボックスA phonograph with four listening tubes was set up in a saloon in San Francisco, and for a nickel a customer could put a tube to his ear and hear a recording, which earned the machine a thousand dollars in six months. 11月23日
  171. 1892 「くるみ割り人形」の初演Tchaikovsky's ballet about a girl and a nutcracker that comes alive at Christmas was first danced in St Petersburg, and the critics did not like it, though the music was praised. 12月18日
  172. 1893 ガンディーが列車から降ろされるA young lawyer holding a valid ticket was put off a train at night because of his skin, and he later said that evening decided the rest of his life. 6月7日
  173. 1893 ニュージーランドで女性に選挙権New Zealand became the first self-governing country in the world to give all adult women the right to vote. 9月19日
  174. 1895 バレーボールが考え出されるA physical education teacher in Massachusetts invented a game with a net and a soft ball for older men who found basketball too rough, and he first called it mintonette. 2月9日
  175. 1895 映画が初めて映されるTwo brothers showed a short film of workers leaving their factory, and the whole picture lasted less than a minute. 3月22日
  176. 1895 レントゲンがX線を見つけるRontgen noticed a screen glowing in his darkened laboratory and spent weeks working out what the invisible rays were. 11月8日
  177. 1895 ノーベルが遺言に署名するNobel signed a will leaving most of his fortune to prizes for people who had done the greatest good for humanity. 11月27日
  178. 1895 アメリカ初の自動車レースSix cars set off through the snow of Chicago on a fifty-four-mile course, and the winner took more than ten hours at an average of about seven miles an hour, slower than a good horse. 11月28日
  179. 1895 世界初の有料の映画上映The Lumiere brothers charged admission to watch short films in a Paris basement, and only thirty-three people came on the first night. 12月28日
  180. 1896 近代オリンピックが始まるThe first modern games opened in Athens with fourteen countries taking part, and every competitor was a man. 4月6日
  181. 1896 ダウ平均が初めて発表されるA newspaper editor added up the prices of twelve company shares and divided by twelve, and the number he printed that day is still quoted every evening around the world. 5月26日
  182. 1896 マルコーニが無線の特許を出すA twenty-two-year-old Italian filed the first patent for sending signals through the air without wires, having moved to England because his own government showed no interest. 6月2日
  183. 1896 フォードが最初の車を走らせるFord finished his first car in a shed behind his house at four in the morning and found the door was too narrow, so he knocked out part of the brick wall to get it outside. 6月4日
  184. 1896 作家フィッツジェラルド誕生The writer of The Great Gatsby was born in Minnesota, and his novels came to describe the restless America of the 1920s. 9月24日
  185. 1897 『ドラキュラ』が出版されるA novel told entirely through letters and diary entries went on sale in London, and it sold modestly while its author was alive. 5月26日
  186. 1897 動く写真を撮る機械の特許Edison was granted a patent for a camera that took pictures fast enough to show movement, and his studio was built so that it could turn to follow the sun. 8月31日
  187. 1898 「私は告発する」が新聞に載るZola published an open letter to the president under a headline of two words, and the phrase is still used in English for a public accusation. 1月13日
  188. 1898 香港の99年の貸し出しBritain signed a lease taking a stretch of land next to Hong Kong for ninety-nine years, a period chosen because it seemed as good as forever, and the clock ran out in 1997. 6月9日
  189. 1898 ラジウムの発見が報告されるThe Curies reported a new element they had separated from tons of black rock, and they named it after the rays it gave off. 12月26日
  190. 1899 アスピリンが商標に登録されるA German company registered the name of a new painkiller, a word built from parts of the chemical and of the plant it first came from. 3月6日
  191. 1899 ヒッチコックが生まれるThe director who made audiences afraid of showers and of birds was born in London, the son of a greengrocer, and he appeared for a moment in almost every film he made. 8月13日

1900〜1949年184件

  1. 1901 ヴィクトリア女王が死去Victoria died after sixty-three years on the throne, having given her name to an age and to a style of building, furniture and manners. 1月22日
  2. 1901 ルイ・アームストロングが生まれるArmstrong was born in New Orleans on this date, though he told everyone all his life that he had been born on the Fourth of July, and the truth was found in a church record after his death. 8月4日
  3. 1901 樽でナイアガラの滝を落ちるA sixty-three-year-old teacher went over Niagara Falls in a wooden barrel and climbed out alive, hoping the stunt would make her rich. 10月24日
  4. 1901 最初のノーベル賞が贈られるThe first Nobel Prizes were given on the fifth anniversary of the day their founder died, exactly as his will had asked. 12月10日
  5. 1901 電波が大西洋を越えるMarconi said he had heard three faint clicks in Newfoundland, sent from England, though no one else could confirm what he had heard. 12月12日
  6. 1902 映画だけを見せる店が開くA shop in Los Angeles opened that showed nothing but films, charging ten cents, at a time when moving pictures were shown between acts at variety theatres. 4月2日
  7. 1902 ラジウムが目に見える量にAfter years of stirring tons of ore in a leaking shed, the Curies finally held a tiny amount of pure radium in their hands. 4月20日
  8. 1903 オーウェルが生まれるThe writer who gave us Big Brother was born in India to a British official, and he spent five years as a policeman in Burma before deciding to write about the poor. 6月25日
  9. 1903 フォードが最初の車を売るA dentist in Chicago paid eight hundred and fifty dollars for the first car sold by the Ford Motor Company, a month after the company was founded, and the deposit saved it from running out of money. 7月23日
  10. 1903 ライト兄弟が空を飛ぶThe Wright brothers flew a powered airplane for twelve seconds, and even the longest flight that day lasted less than a minute. 12月17日
  11. 1904 「蝶々夫人」が初日で失敗するPuccini's opera about a Japanese woman was received so badly in Milan that he withdrew it that same night, and a revised version succeeded three months later. 2月17日
  12. 1904 ドクター・スースが生まれるThe writer who taught millions of children to read with only a few hundred words was born in Massachusetts, and one of his books used just fifty different words. 3月2日
  13. 1904 アメリカがパナマ運河の工事を引き継ぐThe United States took over the digging of a canal across Panama that a French company had abandoned after losing more than twenty thousand workers to disease. 5月4日
  14. 1904 『ユリシーズ』の1日A whole novel of more than seven hundred pages takes place on this single day in Dublin, and readers now walk the same streets on the date every year. 6月16日
  15. 1904 ニューヨークの地下鉄が開業New York opened its subway, and on the first day so many people wanted to ride it that some stayed underground for hours. 10月27日
  16. 1906 サンフランシスコ大地震An earthquake shook San Francisco before dawn and the fires that followed burned for three days, leaving more than half the city's people without a home. 4月18日
  17. 1906 ライト兄弟の特許が下りるThe Wright brothers were granted a patent for a flying machine, more than two years after applying, and they spent much of the next decade suing others who flew. 5月22日
  18. 1908 シベリアで空が裂けるSomething exploded in the air over a forest in Siberia and knocked down trees over an area larger than a big city, yet no crater was ever found. 6月30日
  19. 1908 アメリカの捜査機関ができるA small group of agents was set up inside the justice department, and at first they were not allowed to carry guns or make arrests. 7月26日
  20. 1908 ライト兄弟が人前で飛ぶWilbur Wright flew in front of a French crowd that had doubted the brothers for years, and he turned the aircraft in a way no one there had seen. 8月8日
  21. 1908 ゼネラルモーターズができるA former carriage maker set up a company to bring several small car makers under one roof, and within two years it owned Buick, Cadillac and Oldsmobile. 9月16日
  22. 1909 北極点に着いたという主張Peary announced that he had reached the North Pole with a Black companion and four Inuit men, and whether he truly got there is still doubted. 4月6日
  23. 1909 ドーバー海峡を飛んで渡るBleriot crossed the Channel in thirty-seven minutes with no compass, and a British newspaper wrote that the country was no longer an island. 7月25日
  24. 1910 水の上から飛行機が飛ぶFabre took off from the water in a machine he had built himself, even though he had never flown an aircraft before that morning. 3月28日
  25. 1910 クストーが生まれるThe man who showed the world what lay under the sea was born in France, and the breathing device he helped invent let divers stay down without a hose to the surface. 6月11日
  26. 1911 ニューヨーク公共図書館が開くA library with two stone lions at its door opened on Fifth Avenue, and on its first day it handed out its first book only seven minutes after a reader asked for it. 5月23日
  27. 1911 最初のインディ500Eighty thousand people watched forty cars race five hundred miles around a brick track in Indiana, and the winner used a rear-view mirror instead of a passenger to watch behind him. 5月30日
  28. 1911 タイタニック号が進水するThe largest ship ever built slid into the water at Belfast in front of a hundred thousand people, and it took another year to fit out the inside before the voyage. 5月31日
  29. 1911 マチュ・ピチュが世に知られるBingham was led up a ridge by a local farmer and found stone walls under the trees, though families living nearby had known of the place all along. 7月24日
  30. 1911 モナ・リザが盗まれるA workman walked out of the Louvre with the painting under his coat, and the empty wall drew bigger crowds than the picture ever had. 8月21日
  31. 1911 武昌起義、辛亥革命が始まるAn uprising in Wuchang began the revolution that ended more than two thousand years of rule by emperors in China. 10月10日
  32. 1911 飛行機が初めて戦争に使われるAn Italian pilot flew over enemy positions in Libya to see what was there, the first time an aircraft was used in a war. 10月23日
  33. 1911 アムンセンが南極点に立つAmundsen reached the South Pole with dogs and skis, a month before a British team arrived to find his tent already there. 12月14日
  34. 1912 大陸移動説が発表されるWegener told an audience that the continents had once been joined and had drifted apart, and for fifty years almost no one believed him. 1月6日
  35. 1912 スコットが南極点に着くScott and four companions reached the South Pole after weeks of hauling their own sledges, only to find a Norwegian tent and a note telling them they were thirty-four days too late. 1月17日
  36. 1912 南極点到達の知らせが届くA telegram from Amundsen reached the world from Tasmania, announcing that he had stood at the South Pole three months earlier, and his rival still did not know. 3月7日
  37. 1912 ガールスカウトが始まるA woman who had met the founder of the Boy Scouts in England came home to Georgia and gathered eighteen girls, telling a friend on the phone that she had something for all the girls of America. 3月12日
  38. 1912 ワシントンに桜が植えられるThe first two cherry trees sent from Tokyo were planted beside a river in Washington, and the gift is still marked with a festival each spring. 3月27日
  39. 1912 タイタニック号が沈むThe Titanic sank in the North Atlantic early in the morning after hitting an iceberg on its first voyage. 4月15日
  40. 1912 フェンウェイ・パークが開くThe oldest ballpark still in use in the major leagues opened in Boston, and the news was pushed off the front pages by the sinking of a ship a few days before. 4月20日
  41. 1912 チューリングが生まれるThe man who worked out what a computer could be was born in London, and the question of whether a machine can think still carries his name. 6月23日
  42. 1913 ハリエット・タブマンが没するTubman, who had escaped slavery and then went back into the South about thirteen times to lead others out, died in New York at around ninety. 3月10日
  43. 1913 「春の祭典」の初演で騒ぎが起きるA ballet with music no one had heard the like of opened in Paris, and the audience shouted and fought so loudly that the dancers could not hear the orchestra. 5月29日
  44. 1913 フォードが流れ作業を始めるFord began moving car bodies past workers who stayed in one place, and the time needed to build a chassis fell sharply. 10月7日
  45. 1913 動く組み立てラインが始まるFord started a line on which the car moved past the workers instead of the workers moving to the car, and the time to build one fell from more than twelve hours to about ninety minutes. 12月1日
  46. 1913 モナ・リザが見つかるThe painting stolen from the Louvre two years earlier was found under the false bottom of a trunk in a Florence hotel room, after the thief tried to sell it to an art dealer as a gift to Italy. 12月12日
  47. 1913 世界初のクロスワードが載るA newspaper printed a word puzzle shaped like a diamond to fill space in its Sunday supplement, and readers would not let the paper stop printing it. 12月21日
  48. 1914 フォードが賃金を倍にするFord announced that he would pay his workers five dollars a day, about double the going rate, and thousands lined up outside the factory the next morning. 1月5日
  49. 1914 サラエボの銃声と、5年後の条約An archduke was shot in Sarajevo, and the treaty that formally ended the war it began was signed five years later on the very same date. 6月28日
  50. 1914 最初の電気の信号機The first electric traffic light with red and green lamps was switched on at a crossroads in Cleveland, and a policeman in a booth still had to work it by hand. 8月5日
  51. 1914 クリスマスの休戦Along parts of the Western Front, soldiers on both sides climbed out of their trenches on Christmas Eve, sang carols, swapped food and cigarettes, and in some places played football, before the war went on. 12月24日
  52. 1915 ネオンサインの特許A French engineer was granted a patent for a glass tube that glowed red when filled with a rare gas, and the word neon comes from the Greek for new. 1月19日
  53. 1915 アンザックの日のもとになる上陸Troops from Australia and New Zealand landed on a Turkish peninsula, and the day is now the one on which both countries remember their war dead. 4月25日
  54. 1915 一般相対性理論が完成するEinstein handed the Berlin academy the final form of the equations that describe gravity as the bending of space and time, after weeks in which he later said he had nearly worked himself to death. 11月25日
  55. 1916 ロアルド・ダールが生まれるThe writer of the chocolate factory and the giant peach was born in Wales to Norwegian parents, and he did all his writing in a shed at the bottom of his garden, sitting in an old armchair. 9月13日
  56. 1917 女性の行進が国際女性デーにWomen textile workers walked out in Petrograd demanding bread, and the date on the new calendar is now kept as International Women's Day. 3月8日
  57. 1917 イギリス王室がウィンザーを名乗るThe British royal family dropped its German name in the middle of a war with Germany and took the name of a castle instead, and the Kaiser is said to have joked about a Shakespeare play. 7月17日
  58. 1917 フィンランドが独立を宣言Finland declared independence while the country it had belonged to was in the middle of a revolution. 12月6日
  59. 1917 ハリファックスの大爆発Two ships collided in a Canadian harbour and one of them, loaded with explosives, blew up with a force never seen before that day. 12月6日
  60. 1918 アメリカに時間帯と夏時間ができるA law fixed the time zones across the United States and moved the clocks forward for the summer, and the summer rule was dropped the following year after farmers objected. 3月19日
  61. 1918 マンデラが生まれるMandela was born in a village in South Africa, and the United Nations now asks people to give sixty-seven minutes of service on his birthday. 7月18日
  62. 1918 詩人オーエンが戦死するThe poet Wilfred Owen was killed in action one week before the war ended, and the news reached his mother as the bells rang for peace. 11月4日
  63. 1918 第一次世界大戦が終わるThe guns stopped at eleven in the morning on the eleventh day of the eleventh month, and the hour is still marked with silence. 11月11日
  64. 1919 大西洋を初めて止まらずに飛ぶTwo British airmen landed nose-first in an Irish bog after sixteen hours over the Atlantic, the first non-stop crossing by air, eight years before the flight most people remember. 6月15日
  65. 1920 国際連盟が最初の会議を開くThe League of Nations held its first council meeting in Paris, without the country whose president had proposed it. 1月16日
  66. 1920 時の記念日が定められるJapan set aside a day to remind people to value time, choosing a date linked to a water clock said to have been used more than a thousand years earlier. 6月10日
  67. 1920 アメリカで女性の投票権が決まるThe amendment giving women the vote was approved by the last state it needed, and the deciding vote was cast by a young man whose mother had written to him. 8月18日
  68. 1920 アメリカで女性の投票権が発効するThe amendment giving women the vote became law when a government official signed the papers at his home early in the morning, with no ceremony and nobody from the movement present. 8月26日
  69. 1920 ラジオでニュースが読まれるA station in Detroit read out the results of a local election over the air, one of the first news broadcasts ever made, to the few dozen people in the city who owned a receiver. 8月31日
  70. 1922 インスリンが初めて人に使われるA boy dying of diabetes was given an extract from an animal pancreas, and within weeks a disease that had always killed became one people could live with. 1月11日
  71. 1922 『ユリシーズ』が出版されるJoyce received the first copy of his novel on his fortieth birthday, a book so difficult that people still argue about how to read it. 2月2日
  72. 1922 リンカーン記念堂ができるThe memorial in Washington was opened with a ceremony in which black guests were seated apart, on the very steps where a famous speech would be made forty-one years later. 5月30日
  73. 1922 BBCが生まれるThe British Broadcasting Company was formed, and it was told to inform, educate and entertain the people who paid for it. 10月18日
  74. 1922 ツタンカーメンの墓が見つかるWorkers clearing sand near other tombs uncovered a single stone step, and below it lay a doorway that had been sealed for three thousand years. 11月4日
  75. 1922 「すばらしいものが見えます」Carter made a small hole in the sealed door, held up a candle, and was asked whether he could see anything. 11月26日
  76. 1922 ソビエト連邦ができるFour republics signed a treaty creating the Soviet Union, a country that would last just one day short of sixty-nine years. 12月30日
  77. 1923 ツタンカーメンの棺の部屋が開くCarter broke through the sealed wall and stood in front of the young king's shrine, more than three thousand years after the tomb was closed. 2月16日
  78. 1923 関東大震災An earthquake struck the Tokyo area just before noon, when cooking fires were lit, and the fires that followed killed far more people than the shaking. 9月1日
  79. 1924 最初の冬季オリンピックが開幕The first winter games opened in a French mountain town, though at the time nobody called them the Olympics, and the title was given only two years later. 1月25日
  80. 1924 時報のピッ音が始まるThe six short tones that mark the hour on British radio were broadcast for the first time, sent by two clocks at Greenwich. 2月5日
  81. 1924 最初のメイシーズのパレードA department store sent its employees marching through New York with animals borrowed from the zoo, and the parade has been held every year since except for three during the war. 11月27日
  82. 1925 日本でラジオ放送が始まるJapan's first radio broadcast went out from a temporary studio in Tokyo, and at the time fewer than six thousand homes had a licence to listen. 3月22日
  83. 1925 『グレート・ギャツビー』が出るA novel about a rich man giving parties for a woman he cannot have came out and sold poorly, and its author died thinking it a failure. 4月10日
  84. 1926 テレビが初めて人前で映るBaird showed moving pictures of a face to members of a scientific society in his London attic, and one of them wrote that the image was faint and often blurred but unmistakably real. 1月26日
  85. 1926 液体燃料のロケットが飛ぶGoddard launched a rocket burning liquid fuel from his aunt's farm, and it rose only twelve meters before falling into a field of cabbages. 3月16日
  86. 1926 フーディーニが没するThe escape artist who freed himself from chains under water died on Halloween, days after a student had punched him in the stomach before he was ready. 10月31日
  87. 1927 テレビの映像が遠くへ届くThe face of a government official in Washington was seen on a screen in New York, the first long-distance television demonstration in the United States, and one newspaper called it like a photograph come to life. 4月7日
  88. 1927 リンドバーグがパリに着くLindbergh landed near Paris after thirty-three hours alone in a plane with no front window, having stayed awake by holding his eyes open. 5月21日
  89. 1927 映画がしゃべり始めるThe Jazz Singer opened in New York, and audiences heard an actor speak from the screen for the first time in a feature film. 10月6日
  90. 1927 川の下の車のトンネルが開くThe first long tunnel built for cars opened under the Hudson River, and its designer had solved the problem that had stopped everyone else, how to keep the drivers from being poisoned by their own exhaust. 11月13日
  91. 1928 ミッキーマウスが初めて映るA short cartoon with a new mouse character was shown to a test audience in Hollywood, but no distributor wanted it, and the mouse had to wait for sound. 5月15日
  92. 1928 イヤハートが大西洋を越えるEarhart set off from Newfoundland as a passenger in a plane flown by two men and became the first woman across the Atlantic by air, though she said she had been no more than baggage. 6月17日
  93. 1928 色つきのテレビが映るBaird showed colour television for the first time in his London workshop, and the things he chose to put in front of the camera were scarves, a policeman's helmet and a bunch of roses. 7月3日
  94. 1928 切った食パンが売り出されるA bakery in Missouri sold the first bread cut into slices by machine, and the English phrase for a great idea now points back to that loaf. 7月7日
  95. 1928 フレミングがペニシリンに気づくReturning from a holiday, Alexander Fleming noticed that mold in a forgotten dish had killed the bacteria growing around it. 9月28日
  96. 1928 ミッキーマウスが世に出るA short cartoon with sound opened in New York, and the mouse in it was given a voice by the man who had drawn him. 11月18日
  97. 1929 最初のアカデミー賞The first film awards were handed out at a dinner that lasted about fifteen minutes, because the winners had been announced three months earlier. 5月16日
  98. 1929 暗黒の火曜日Share prices collapsed on the New York exchange, and the years of hardship that followed reached almost every country. 10月29日
  99. 1929 南極点の上を飛ぶByrd and three companions flew over the South Pole and back in under nineteen hours, throwing out food to lighten the plane so that it could climb over the mountains, eighteen years after Amundsen walked there. 11月29日
  100. 1930 冥王星が見つかるA twenty-four-year-old farm boy compared two photographs of the same patch of sky and noticed a single point of light that had moved. 2月18日
  101. 1930 冥王星の発見が発表されるThe discovery of a ninth planet was announced on the anniversary of Herschel's finding of Uranus, a date chosen on purpose by the observatory. 3月13日
  102. 1930 コナン・ドイルが没するThe creator of the world's most famous detective died in his garden at seventy-one, having spent his last years trying to prove that the dead could speak to the living. 7月7日
  103. 1930 最初のワールドカップの試合The first World Cup began in Uruguay with two games played on the same afternoon, and a French forward scored the first goal in the competition's history after nineteen minutes. 7月13日
  104. 1931 アメリカの国歌が決まるA song written during a battle in 1814 was finally made the national anthem, more than a hundred years after the words were put on paper. 3月3日
  105. 1931 電気かみそりが売り出されるThe first electric razor went on sale in the United States, invented by a retired army officer who had wanted to shave without water while camping in Alaska. 3月18日
  106. 1931 エンパイアステートビルが開くA building of one hundred and two floors opened in New York after being put up in just over a year, and for a while most of it stood empty. 5月1日
  107. 1931 柳条湖事件、満州事変が始まるAn explosion on a railway near Mukden was used as a reason to begin military action in Manchuria. 9月18日
  108. 1932 シドニーの橋が開通するJust before the premier could cut the ribbon, a man on horseback rode up and slashed it with a sword, so the ribbon had to be tied again. 3月19日
  109. 1932 イヤハートが大西洋を単独で渡るEarhart flew alone across the Atlantic in about fifteen hours, fighting ice on the wings and a fire in the engine, and she landed in a field in Ireland. 5月20日
  110. 1932 ラジオシティ・ミュージックホールが開くThe largest indoor theatre in the world opened in New York in the middle of the Depression, with a stage the size of a city block and a line of dancers whose legs all moved as one. 12月27日
  111. 1933 ゴールデンゲートブリッジの工事が始まるWork began on a bridge that engineers had said could not be built there, across a strait with strong tides, deep water and heavy fog. 1月5日
  112. 1933 車に乗ったまま見る映画館The first drive-in cinema opened in New Jersey, with a screen so large that cars could park in rows and watch through the windscreen, and the sound came from loudspeakers by the screen. 6月6日
  113. 1933 単独で世界一周するPost landed in New York after flying around the world alone in under eight days, guided by an early autopilot and a compass. 7月22日
  114. 1933 アメリカで禁酒法が終わるThe United States ended the ban on alcohol after thirteen years, having discovered that forbidding something does not make it disappear. 12月5日
  115. 1934 ドナルドダックが登場するA bad-tempered duck appeared for the first time in a short film, and his voice was made by a man who could speak while breathing in. 6月9日
  116. 1935 イヤハートが太平洋を単独で飛ぶEarhart flew alone from Hawaii to California in eighteen hours, the first person to do so, and she listened to opera on the radio on the way. 1月11日
  117. 1935 電波で飛行機を見つけるTwo engineers parked a van in an English field and showed that an approaching bomber could be found by the radio waves it bounced back. 2月26日
  118. 1935 ナイロンができるA chemist at a company laboratory pulled a thread from a beaker that was stronger than silk, and the first fully man-made fibre was born. 2月28日
  119. 1935 モノポリーが売り出されるA board game about buying streets and charging rent went on sale from a company that had turned it down a year earlier as too complicated, and it sold twenty thousand sets a week by Christmas. 11月5日
  120. 1936 雪の東京で二・二六事件Young officers and about fifteen hundred soldiers took over the center of Tokyo in deep snow, and the revolt was over within four days. 2月26日
  121. 1936 最後のフクロオオカミが死ぬThe last known thylacine died in a zoo in Tasmania, two months after the species had finally been given legal protection. 9月7日
  122. 1936 世界初の定期テレビ放送The BBC began the world's first regular high-definition television service, broadcasting to a few hundred sets around London. 11月2日
  123. 1936 国王が退位を放送で告げるEdward the Eighth gave up the throne on the radio, saying he could not do the job without the woman he loved. 12月11日
  124. 1937 大統領の就任が1月20日になるFor the first time an American president took office in January rather than March, because the long wait between election and inauguration no longer made sense. 1月20日
  125. 1937 ヒンデンブルク号の炎上A German airship filled with hydrogen caught fire while landing in New Jersey and was gone in less than a minute, and a radio reporter's cry was heard around the world. 5月6日
  126. 1937 ゴールデンゲートブリッジが開くThe bridge opened to people on foot a day before cars were let on, and about two hundred thousand walked across it that day. 5月27日
  127. 1937 フォルクスワーゲンが作られるA company was set up in Germany to build a cheap car for ordinary families, and although the car was designed before the war, almost none reached those families until after it. 5月28日
  128. 1937 イヤハートが消息を絶つEarhart was near the end of a flight around the world when her radio messages stopped, and no trace of the plane has ever been confirmed. 7月2日
  129. 1937 『ホビットの冒険』が出版されるTolkien's novel The Hobbit went on sale in Britain and introduced readers to a small hero who never wanted an adventure. 9月21日
  130. 1938 ナイロン製品が初めて売られるThe first product made from nylon went on sale, and it was not a stocking but a toothbrush with bristles that did not go soft when wet. 2月24日
  131. 1938 ミュンヘン協定が結ばれるBritain and France agreed to let Germany take part of Czechoslovakia, hoping that giving in would prevent a war. 9月30日
  132. 1938 ラジオドラマ『宇宙戦争』A radio play about an invasion from Mars was broadcast as if it were a news programme, and the panic that followed was largely invented by newspapers. 10月30日
  133. 1939 アインシュタインが手紙に署名するEinstein signed a letter to the president warning that a new kind of bomb might be possible, and he later called it the one great mistake of his life. 8月2日
  134. 1939 『風と共に去りぬ』の初日A film nearly four hours long opened in Atlanta with a three-day festival, and the Black actress who would win an award for it could not attend because the cinema did not admit Black people. 12月15日
  135. 1940 黒人として初めてオスカーを受けるMcDaniel became the first Black performer to win an Academy Award, and at the ceremony she was seated at a separate table by the wall. 2月29日
  136. 1940 血と労苦と涙と汗Three days after becoming prime minister, Churchill told the Commons he had nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat, and the words became the sound of Britain at war. 5月13日
  137. 1940 バッグス・バニーが登場するA grey rabbit appeared in a cartoon and asked a question that became one of the best known lines in American film. 7月27日
  138. 1940 ラスコーの洞窟画が見つかるFour boys followed a dog into a hole in the ground and found walls covered with animals painted seventeen thousand years earlier. 9月12日
  139. 1940 ジョン・レノン誕生John Lennon was born in Liverpool during the Second World War, in a port city that was being bombed in those months. 10月9日
  140. 1940 タコマ橋が風で落ちるA suspension bridge in Washington twisted itself apart in a moderate wind, and film of the collapse is still shown in physics classes. 11月7日
  141. 1940 『ファンタジア』が公開されるDisney released a film with no dialogue at all, and cinemas had to install extra speakers to play its sound the way it was recorded. 11月13日
  142. 1941 プログラムで動く計算機が動くA German engineer showed the first working computer that could be given instructions, built in his parents' living room from old telephone relays. 5月12日
  143. 1941 真珠湾攻撃The attack on Pearl Harbor happened on December 7 in Hawaii but on December 8 in Japan, because the two places are on opposite sides of the date line. 12月7日
  144. 1942 ホーキングが生まれるHawking was born exactly three hundred years after Galileo died, a coincidence he liked to mention, and he spent most of his life in a wheelchair. 1月8日
  145. 1942 アンネが日記帳を受け取るA girl was given a checked notebook for her thirteenth birthday, and she began writing in it that same day, two years before she was found. 6月12日
  146. 1942 女優が発明の特許を取るA Hollywood actress and a composer were granted a patent for a way of switching radio signals between frequencies, and the idea was ignored for decades. 8月11日
  147. 1942 原子炉が初めて臨界に達するScientists under a stadium in Chicago produced the first controlled chain reaction, and the news was sent in a sentence about a navigator landing in a new world. 12月2日
  148. 1943 カサブランカ会談が始まるRoosevelt and Churchill met in Morocco for ten days and agreed to accept nothing less than unconditional surrender. 1月14日
  149. 1944 ノルマンディー上陸作戦Allied troops landed on the beaches of Normandy in what is still called the largest invasion from the sea in history. 6月6日
  150. 1944 隠れ家が見つかるThe people hiding behind a bookcase in Amsterdam were found and taken away, and of the eight of them only the father came back. 8月4日
  151. 1945 アウシュヴィッツが解放されるSoldiers reached the camp and found a few thousand people too ill to have been marched away, together with the belongings of those who had not survived. 1月27日
  152. 1945 ドイツの降伏文書が署名されるGerman officers signed the surrender at a schoolhouse in France in the early hours, and the news was held back a day so that it could be announced everywhere at once. 5月7日
  153. 1945 ヨーロッパでの戦いが終わるCrowds filled the streets to celebrate the end of the fighting in Europe, though the war in Asia would go on for months. 5月8日
  154. 1945 沖縄で組織的な戦闘が終わるOrganised fighting on Okinawa came to an end, and the day is kept there each year as a day to remember those who died. 6月23日
  155. 1945 爆撃機がビルにぶつかるA bomber lost in fog flew into the Empire State Building at the seventy-ninth floor, and a lift operator survived a fall of seventy-five floors when the cables snapped, a record that still stands. 7月28日
  156. 1945 広島に原子爆弾が投下されるAn atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, and the city was destroyed in a moment. 8月6日
  157. 1945 長崎に原子爆弾が投下されるA second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki three days after the first, and the city had not been the original target that morning. 8月9日
  158. 1945 アメリカでは8月14日だった終戦In the United States the news that Japan had accepted the terms of surrender arrived on the afternoon of the fourteenth, and crowds filled Times Square, though in Japan it was already the morning of the fifteenth. 8月14日
  159. 1945 終戦の日A recording of the emperor's voice was broadcast at noon, and most people in Japan had never heard it before that day. 8月15日
  160. 1945 降伏文書に署名Representatives signed the documents ending the Second World War on the deck of a ship in Tokyo Bay, in a ceremony that took under half an hour. 9月2日
  161. 1945 国連が動き出すThe Charter of the United Nations came into force, and October 24 has been kept as United Nations Day ever since. 10月24日
  162. 1945 ユネスコが生まれるCountries signed the agreement that created UNESCO, saying that wars begin in the minds of people. 11月16日
  163. 1945 ニュルンベルク裁判が始まるA court made up of four countries began to try the leaders of a defeated state, using rules written only months earlier. 11月20日
  164. 1946 国連総会が初めて開かれるThe first meeting of the United Nations General Assembly opened in London with fifty-one countries, and the organisation moved to New York later that year. 1月10日
  165. 1946 「鉄のカーテン」の演説Speaking at a small college in Missouri, Churchill said that a curtain of iron had come down across Europe, and the phrase stuck. 3月5日
  166. 1946 ビキニが世に出るA French designer showed a two-piece swimsuit so small that no model would wear it, so he hired a dancer from a casino, and he named it after an island in the Pacific that had been in the news that week. 7月5日
  167. 1946 日本国憲法が公布されるJapan's new constitution was made public, though it would not take effect until the following May. 11月3日
  168. 1946 ユニセフができるThe United Nations set up a fund to feed and care for children in the countries wrecked by the war, meant to last only a few years, and it is still working in nearly every country today. 12月11日
  169. 1946 『素晴らしき哉、人生！』の公開A film about a man shown by an angel what his town would have been like if he had never been born opened in New York, lost money, and became a Christmas tradition only decades later through television. 12月20日
  170. 1947 いかだで太平洋へ出るSix men pushed a raft of balsa logs out from Peru to show that ancient people could have crossed the Pacific, and they drifted for a hundred and one days. 4月28日
  171. 1947 日本国憲法が施行されるJapan's constitution came into force, and the day has been a public holiday ever since, six months after the text was made public. 5月3日
  172. 1947 「空飛ぶ円盤」という言葉が生まれるA pilot said he had seen objects moving like a saucer skipped across water, and newspapers turned his words into a name that stuck. 6月24日
  173. 1947 インドが独立するIndia became independent at midnight, and the border drawn a few weeks earlier sent millions of people moving in both directions. 8月15日
  174. 1947 コンピューターから虫が出るOperators found a moth caught inside a machine, taped it into the logbook, and wrote that it was the first actual case of a bug being found. 9月9日
  175. 1947 人類が初めて音速を超えるChuck Yeager flew faster than sound over the desert, two days after breaking two ribs in a fall from a horse. 10月14日
  176. 1947 巨大な木の飛行艇が一度だけ飛ぶThe largest aircraft ever built, made of wood because metal was short during the war, rose a few metres above a harbour in California for less than a minute and never flew again. 11月2日
  177. 1947 トランジスタが動くResearchers at Bell Labs showed a small device that could make a signal stronger without any glass tube, and modern electronics began there. 12月23日
  178. 1948 世界保健機関ができるA body was set up to work on health for every country, and the day it came into being is kept each year as World Health Day. 4月7日
  179. 1948 LPレコードが発表されるA company showed a record that could hold more than twenty minutes on a side, and it demonstrated this by stacking the old discs beside the new ones. 6月21日
  180. 1948 本田技研工業が設立されるHonda was founded in Hamamatsu, and its first products were not cars but small engines attached to bicycles. 9月24日
  181. 1948 世界人権宣言が採択されるThe United Nations adopted a declaration saying that all human beings are born free and equal, and it has since been translated into more languages than any other document. 12月10日
  182. 1949 北大西洋条約が結ばれるTwelve countries signed a treaty in Washington saying that an attack on one of them would count as an attack on all, and the promise has been used only once. 4月4日
  183. 1949 西ドイツの基本法ができるWest Germany's basic law came into force, and it was called a basic law rather than a constitution because the country was expected to be joined again. 5月23日
  184. 1949 『一九八四年』が出るOrwell published a novel that gave English several new words, and one of them, doublethink, means holding two opposite beliefs at the same time. 6月8日

1950〜1989年192件

  1. 1950 朝鮮戦争が始まるFighting broke out on the Korean peninsula and lasted three years, and the agreement that stopped it was a truce rather than a peace treaty. 6月25日
  2. 1950 『ピーナッツ』の連載が始まるThe comic strip Peanuts first appeared in seven newspapers, and in that very first strip Charlie Brown is insulted by another child. 10月2日
  3. 1951 商用コンピューターが納められるThe first computer built to be sold rather than for one laboratory was delivered to the government office that counts the population, and it weighed about thirteen tons. 6月14日
  4. 1951 『ライ麦畑でつかまえて』が出るA novel written in the voice of a teenager was published, and its author stopped giving interviews and published almost nothing for the rest of his life. 7月16日
  5. 1952 木に登って王女、降りて女王A princess was watching animals from a lodge built in a tree in Kenya when her father died, so she came down a queen. 2月6日
  6. 1952 母語を求めた学生が撃たれるPolice fired on students in Dhaka who were demanding that their own language be recognized, and the date is now kept around the world as Mother Language Day. 2月21日
  7. 1952 ジェット旅客機が客を乗せて飛ぶThe first jet airliner carried paying passengers from London towards South Africa, cutting a journey of days to under a day, but a fault in its design later brought it down. 5月2日
  8. 1952 世界一長く続く芝居が開幕A murder mystery opened in London and has been performed ever since, with the audience asked each night not to reveal the ending. 11月25日
  9. 1953 DNAの二重らせんが解けるTwo researchers in Cambridge worked out that DNA has the shape of a double spiral, using X-ray photographs taken by a scientist in London. 2月28日
  10. 1953 ポリオのワクチンが伝えられるSalk went on the radio to say that a vaccine had worked in early tests, speaking to parents who had kept their children away from pools all summer. 3月26日
  11. 1953 エベレストに人が立つHillary and Tenzing stood on the highest point on Earth for about fifteen minutes, and neither of them would ever say which of them stepped up first. 5月29日
  12. 1953 エリザベス2世の戴冠式The ceremony was shown on television against the advice of the government, and many families bought their first set in order to watch it. 6月2日
  13. 1953 朝鮮戦争の休戦The fighting in Korea stopped when an armistice was signed at Panmunjom, and because no peace treaty ever followed, the two sides remain technically at war today. 7月27日
  14. 1954 モンローとディマジオが結婚するA film star and a retired baseball player were married in San Francisco, and they spent part of their honeymoon in Japan, where crowds followed them everywhere. 1月14日
  15. 1954 原子力で動く潜水艦が進水するThe first submarine driven by nuclear power slid into the water in Connecticut, and four years later it became the first ship to pass under the North Pole. 1月21日
  16. 1954 子どもたちへの集団予防接種The first large trial of a polio vaccine on children began in Pittsburgh, and by the next year more than a million children had taken part. 2月23日
  17. 1954 太陽電池が発表されるThree researchers showed a slice of silicon that turned sunlight into enough power to run a small toy wheel, and the press called it the beginning of a new era. 4月25日
  18. 1954 1マイルの壁が破られるBannister ran a mile in under four minutes, something doctors had said the body could not do, and the record fell again forty-six days later. 5月6日
  19. 1954 学校の人種分離は違憲The Supreme Court ruled that separate schools for Black and white children were not equal and never could be, overturning a decision that had stood for fifty-eight years. 5月17日
  20. 1954 洞爺丸事故、台風で連絡船が沈むA typhoon sank the ferry Toya Maru in the Tsugaru Strait, and more than a thousand people lost their lives. 9月26日
  21. 1954 欧州の研究所CERNが発足Twelve European countries agreed to build one laboratory together, sharing the cost of research that no single country could afford. 9月29日
  22. 1954 腎臓の移植が初めて成功するSurgeons in Boston moved a kidney from a healthy man into his identical twin, and because the brothers' bodies were the same, the organ was not rejected and the patient lived for eight more years. 12月23日
  23. 1955 マクドナルドの1号店A milkshake machine salesman opened his first McDonald's near Chicago, and within six years he had bought the name from the brothers who started it. 4月15日
  24. 1955 ロックンロールが初めて1位になるA song about dancing all night reached the top of the American chart, the first rock and roll record to do so, a year after it had first come out and gone almost unnoticed. 7月9日
  25. 1955 ディズニーランドが開くThe park opened on a day so hot that the fresh asphalt gave way under women's shoes, and far more people came in than had been invited. 7月17日
  26. 1955 ローザ・パークスが席を譲らないRosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, and her arrest led to a boycott that lasted over a year. 12月1日
  27. 1956 ソ連の指導者がスターリンを批判Behind closed doors, the Soviet leader spoke for hours criticizing Stalin, and although the session was called secret, the text reached other countries within months. 2月25日
  28. 1956 スエズ運河が国有化されるEgypt's president announced in a speech that the canal built by a French company and run by Britain and France was now his country's, and the news set off a crisis that ended an era. 7月26日
  29. 1956 大リーグ唯一の完全試合A pitcher named Don Larsen retired every batter he faced in a World Series game, something no one has done before or since. 10月8日
  30. 1956 世界初の商用原発が動き出すBritain opened the first nuclear power station built to sell electricity to the public, and the Queen switched it on herself. 10月17日
  31. 1957 ローマ条約が結ばれるSix countries that had been at war a dozen years earlier signed a treaty joining their markets, and that agreement grew into the European Union. 3月25日
  32. 1957 レノンとマッカートニーが出会うA fifteen-year-old watched a church fete band led by a boy of sixteen, was introduced to him afterwards, and impressed him by knowing all the words to a song and how to tune a guitar. 7月6日
  33. 1957 9人の生徒が高校へ入るNine Black students walked into a high school in Little Rock under the protection of federal soldiers. 9月25日
  34. 1957 スプートニク1号が打ち上げられるThe Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite, and the word itself soon entered English. 10月4日
  35. 1957 犬が宇宙へ行くA dog named Laika was sent into orbit, and for years the public was not told how quickly she had died up there. 11月3日
  36. 1958 アメリカ初の人工衛星Explorer 1 was launched and its instruments found belts of radiation around the Earth that no one had known were there. 1月31日
  37. 1958 いちばん古い人工衛星が上がるA satellite the size of a grapefruit went into orbit and is still circling the Earth today, long after everything on board fell silent. 3月17日
  38. 1958 アメリカの宇宙機関ができるA law created a civilian agency for space, and it was written so that space research would be open rather than run by the military. 7月29日
  39. 1958 潜水艦が北極点の下を通るA nuclear submarine passed under the ice at the North Pole with a hundred and sixteen men on board, and the captain announced it to the crew over the loudspeaker with the words Nautilus, ninety north. 8月3日
  40. 1958 インスタントラーメンが売り出されるThe first instant noodles went on sale in Japan, made by drying cooked noodles in hot oil so that hot water alone would bring them back. 8月25日
  41. 1959 探査機が初めて地球の引力を離れるLuna 1 became the first object to escape the pull of the Earth, though it was meant to hit the Moon and missed it by about six thousand kilometres. 1月2日
  42. 1959 アラスカが州になるAlaska became a state ninety-two years after it was bought, and it is still larger than the next three states put together. 1月3日
  43. 1959 音楽が死んだ日A small plane taking three young musicians to their next show came down in a field, and a song written years later gave the date its name. 2月3日
  44. 1959 バービー人形が世に出るA doll shaped like an adult went on sale at a toy fair in New York, at a time when almost every doll sold was a baby. 3月9日
  45. 1959 最初の7人の宇宙飛行士Seven military pilots were introduced to the press as the first American astronauts, and the room burst into applause before any of them had flown anywhere. 4月9日
  46. 1959 宇宙から地球が写されるA satellite sent back the first picture of the Earth taken from orbit, and the image was so rough that people had to be told what they were looking at. 8月7日
  47. 1959 ハワイが50番目の州になるHawaii became the fiftieth state, eight months after Alaska, and the flag with fifty stars that followed a year later has now lasted longer than any earlier version. 8月21日
  48. 1959 人工物が初めて月に届くA Soviet probe hit the Moon, becoming the first object made by people to reach another world. 9月14日
  49. 1959 月の裏側が初めて写るA Soviet spacecraft sent back the first pictures of the far side of the Moon, which no one had ever seen. 10月7日
  50. 1959 「底のほうにはたっぷり空きがある」Feynman gave a talk asking why we could not write the whole encyclopaedia on the head of a pin and build machines the size of molecules, and the field now called nanotechnology traces itself back to that evening. 12月29日
  51. 1960 人が海のいちばん深い底へTwo men descended almost eleven kilometres into the Mariana Trench, and saw a flat fish on the bottom where no one expected life. 1月23日
  52. 1960 飲む避妊薬が認められるThe first pill that let women choose when to have children was approved in the United States, and within five years more than six million were taking it. 5月9日
  53. 1960 『アラバマ物語』が出るA first novel about a lawyer defending a black man in a small southern town was published, and its author never finished another book in her lifetime. 7月11日
  54. 1960 成層圏から人が飛び降りるKittinger stepped out of a balloon basket thirty-one kilometres up and fell for more than four minutes before his parachute opened. 8月16日
  55. 1961 ケネディの就任演説The youngest man elected president asked Americans not what the country could do for them but what they could do for the country. 1月20日
  56. 1961 平和部隊ができるKennedy set up a programme that sent young Americans to work for two years in other countries, and more than two hundred thousand have gone since. 3月1日
  57. 1961 人類が初めて宇宙へ行くGagarin went round the Earth once in one hundred and eight minutes, and he was told almost nothing about whether he would come back alive. 4月12日
  58. 1961 アメリカ人が初めて宇宙へShepard flew above the atmosphere for fifteen minutes, and because the launch had been put off for hours, he had to use the suit he was wearing. 5月5日
  59. 1961 月へ行くという目標が示されるKennedy told Congress that the country should commit itself to landing a man on the Moon and bringing him back before the decade was out, only twenty days after an American had first flown in space. 5月25日
  60. 1961 ベルリンで壁の工事が始まるBarbed wire went up across Berlin overnight, cutting streets in half and leaving some families on opposite sides for twenty-eight years. 8月13日
  61. 1962 グレンが地球を3周するGlenn circled the Earth three times in under five hours, and thirty-six years later he went back into space at the age of seventy-seven. 2月20日
  62. 1962 モンローが大統領に歌うMonroe sang Happy Birthday to Kennedy at a party in New York in a dress so tight she had to be sewn into it, and the performance was one of her last. 5月19日
  63. 1962 テレビが初めて海を越えるA satellite passed live pictures across the Atlantic for the first time, though it could only do so for about twenty minutes in each orbit. 7月10日
  64. 1962 ローリング・ストーンズの初舞台A band played its first show in a London club under a name taken from a blues song, and more than sixty years later they were still touring. 7月12日
  65. 1962 「史上最も高価なハイフン」A rocket carrying a probe bound for Venus veered off course seconds after launch and had to be blown up, and the fault was traced to a single missing mark in the guidance instructions. 7月22日
  66. 1962 「われわれは月へ行く」の演説Speaking in a football stadium in Texas, Kennedy said the country would go to the Moon within the decade not because it was easy but because it was hard. 9月12日
  67. 1962 ビートルズがデビュー曲を出すThe Beatles released their first single, Love Me Do, which climbed only to number seventeen in Britain. 10月5日
  68. 1962 第2バチカン公会議が開かれるThe Second Vatican Council opened in Rome, and it later allowed Mass to be said in local languages instead of Latin. 10月11日
  69. 1962 ケネディがテレビで危機を告げるKennedy went on television to tell Americans that missiles had been found in Cuba, and for days the world waited to see what would happen. 10月22日
  70. 1962 探査機が初めて別の惑星に届くMariner 2 passed Venus at about thirty-five thousand kilometres, the first spacecraft to reach another planet, and found the surface far too hot for the oceans some people had imagined there. 12月14日
  71. 1963 アルカトラズが閉じられるThe prison on an island in San Francisco Bay closed because it cost too much to run, and the salt water was slowly eating the buildings away. 3月21日
  72. 1963 女性が初めて宇宙へ行くTereshkova spent almost three days in orbit, more time than all the American astronauts before her had spent in space put together. 6月16日
  73. 1963 キング牧師が「夢」を語るMartin Luther King spoke to a huge crowd in Washington and set aside his prepared text to talk about a dream. 8月28日
  74. 1963 ホットラインがつながるA direct link opened between Washington and Moscow, and it was not a red telephone but a teleprinter, because writing leaves less room for mistakes. 8月30日
  75. 1963 ケネディ暗殺、同じ日に作家2人もPresident Kennedy was shot in Dallas, and two well-known writers died the same day with almost no notice taken of it. 11月22日
  76. 1963 ドクター・フーが始まるA new series about a traveller in time was first shown the day after the president was shot, and few people were watching. 11月23日
  77. 1964 ビートルズがアメリカのテレビに出るThe Beatles played on an American television show watched by about seventy million people, and police reported almost no crime by teenagers that hour. 2月9日
  78. 1964 クレイがリストンを倒すA twenty-two-year-old boxer who had been told he had no chance beat the champion in Miami, and he shouted to the reporters that he had shaken up the world. 2月25日
  79. 1964 日本人の海外旅行が自由になるJapanese travellers could apply for a passport for sightseeing for the first time, though each person was allowed one trip a year. 4月1日
  80. 1964 マスタングが世に出るFord showed a new car at a world's fair in New York, and so many people wanted one that some dealers sold the same car twice by mistake. 4月17日
  81. 1964 公民権法が署名されるJohnson signed a law that made it illegal to turn people away from hotels, restaurants and jobs because of their race, hours after Congress had passed it. 7月2日
  82. 1964 東海道新幹線が開業The first bullet train ran between Tokyo and Osaka, cutting a journey of nearly seven hours down to four. 10月1日
  83. 1964 東京オリンピックが開幕The Tokyo Olympics opened as the first Games held in Asia, and the final torchbearer was a runner born in Hiroshima Prefecture in 1945. 10月10日
  84. 1965 カナダの新しい旗が揚がるCanada raised a new flag with a maple leaf, chosen after months of argument in which nearly four thousand designs were sent in. 2月15日
  85. 1965 人が初めて船の外へ出るLeonov floated outside his spacecraft for twelve minutes, and his suit swelled so much that he had to let air out to get back inside. 3月18日
  86. 1965 アメリカ人が初めて船外へ出るWhite floated outside for twenty minutes and did not want to come back in, calling it the saddest moment of his life when he was ordered inside. 6月3日
  87. 1965 火星の写真が初めて届くA probe passed close to Mars and sent back twenty-two grainy pictures, the first close-up views of another planet, and they showed craters rather than the canals people had imagined. 7月14日
  88. 1966 テレビの「バットマン」が始まるA television series about a masked hero began in the United States, and its fights were shown with words like POW and BAM flashing on the screen. 1月12日
  89. 1966 月に初めて軟着陸するA Soviet probe touched down on the Moon without breaking, the first machine to do so, and sent back the first pictures taken from its surface. 2月3日
  90. 1966 「黙秘する権利がある」The Supreme Court ruled that anyone arrested must be told of the right to stay silent and to have a lawyer, and the words police now recite come from that case. 6月13日
  91. 1966 イングランドがワールドカップに勝つEngland beat West Germany four goals to two at Wembley to win its only World Cup, and whether the third goal really crossed the line is still argued about. 7月30日
  92. 1966 スター・トレックが始まるA series began with an opening line that famously breaks a rule of English by putting a word between to and its verb. 9月8日
  93. 1967 「サージェント・ペパーズ」が出るThe Beatles released an album made in the studio over five months with no thought of playing it on stage, and it stayed at the top of the British chart for twenty-seven weeks. 6月1日
  94. 1967 現金自動預け払い機が開くA machine that gave out cash was opened at a bank in north London, and the first customers used paper vouchers instead of the cards we know. 6月27日
  95. 1967 スウェーデンが右側通行へAt five in the morning Sweden told every driver to stop, move to the other side of the road, and start again. 9月3日
  96. 1967 「ローリング・ストーン」創刊A magazine about rock music started in San Francisco with a photograph of John Lennon on the cover and a free roach clip for every subscriber, and it went on to cover politics as much as music. 11月9日
  97. 1967 世界初の心臓移植A surgeon in South Africa put another person's heart into a patient, who woke up, spoke, and lived for eighteen days. 12月3日
  98. 1968 アメリカで最初の911通報The first call to a single emergency number in the United States was made in a small town in Alabama, and the number was chosen because it was short and easy to dial. 2月16日
  99. 1968 「ヘアー」がブロードウェイで開くA musical about young people refusing to go to war opened on Broadway, and its songs reached the top of the charts within a year. 4月29日
  100. 1968 メキシコ五輪、表彰台の抗議Two American runners raised a gloved fist on the podium in Mexico City, and both were sent home from the Games. 10月16日
  101. 1968 「すべてのデモの母」In ninety minutes Engelbart showed a live audience the mouse, windows, video calling and text that could be clicked, none of which they had seen before. 12月9日
  102. 1968 人が初めて月へ向かうThree men left for the Moon on the first rocket of its size ever to carry people, with the odds of coming back put by some at even, and their families were not told that figure. 12月21日
  103. 1968 地球の出The crew of Apollo 8 came around the far side of the Moon and saw the Earth rising, a sight no human had ever had before. 12月24日
  104. 1969 宇宙船どうしが初めてつながるTwo crewed spacecraft docked in orbit for the first time, and two cosmonauts climbed from one to the other through open space. 1月16日
  105. 1969 ビートルズ最後の演奏The Beatles played on the roof of their office building at lunchtime, and the police arrived to stop it after about forty minutes. 1月30日
  106. 1969 コンコルドが初めて飛ぶThe first supersonic airliner left the ground in France, and although it flew for twenty-seven years, only twenty of them were ever built. 3月2日
  107. 1969 川に火がつくA river in Ohio so thick with oil and waste that it caught fire made the national news, and the pictures pushed Congress into passing its first clean water laws. 6月22日
  108. 1969 アポロ11号が月へ向かうA rocket taller than a thirty-storey building lifted three men off the Earth in front of a million people on the beaches of Florida, and the landing came four days later. 7月16日
  109. 1969 アポロ11号が月に着陸Two astronauts landed on the Moon while a third stayed in orbit above them, and hundreds of millions of people watched on television. 7月20日
  110. 1969 日本では7月21日だった第一歩Armstrong stepped onto the Moon at 02:56 by world time, which was the evening of the twentieth in America but already the morning of the twenty-first in Japan. 7月21日
  111. 1969 アポロ11号が地球に戻るThe three astronauts splashed down in the Pacific and were kept in a sealed trailer for three weeks in case they had brought back germs from the Moon, and the president greeted them through a window. 7月24日
  112. 1969 インターネット最初の通信Two computers were connected for the first time, and the system crashed after the first two letters had been sent. 10月29日
  113. 1969 セサミストリートが始まるSesame Street went on the air with the idea that children who watched advertisements all day could be taught the same way. 11月10日
  114. 1969 2度目の月着陸Apollo 12 landed on the Moon within walking distance of a probe that had been sitting there for two years, after its rocket had been struck by lightning twice on the way up. 11月19日
  115. 1970 ジャンボジェットが客を乗せて飛ぶA plane with two aisles and room for more than three hundred passengers flew its first paying flight from New York to London, after an engine problem delayed it by hours. 1月22日
  116. 1970 ビートルズの解散が伝わるMcCartney told the press that he had no plans to work with the Beatles again, and newspapers around the world reported the group as finished. 4月10日
  117. 1970 アポロ13号が飛び立つApollo 13 lifted off for the Moon with a crew of three, one of whom had been added only two days before because another was thought to have been exposed to measles. 4月11日
  118. 1970 アポロ13号で事故が起きるAn oxygen tank burst on the way to the Moon, and the crew reported it in the past tense, a detail that later films changed. 4月13日
  119. 1970 アポロ13号が帰ってくるThe three men of Apollo 13 splashed down safely in the Pacific after four days in a crippled ship, and the mission has been called a successful failure ever since. 4月17日
  120. 1970 最初のアースデイTwenty million Americans took to the streets on one day to call for cleaner air and water, and laws followed within a few years. 4月22日
  121. 1970 日本人が初めてエベレストに立つTwo Japanese climbers reached the top of the world's highest mountain in the morning, and one of them went on to climb the highest peak on every continent. 5月11日
  122. 1970 マウスの特許が認められるA patent was granted for a wooden box on two wheels that moved a marker on a screen, described simply as an indicator for a display system. 11月17日
  123. 1971 月でゴルフを打つAn astronaut attached a club head to a tool handle and hit two golf balls on the Moon, swinging with one hand in a stiff suit. 2月5日
  124. 1971 初の宇宙ステーションが上がるThe first space station was put into orbit, though the crew that first entered it could not get through the hatch for several hours. 4月19日
  125. 1971 月で車を走らせるTwo astronauts unfolded a car from the side of their lander and drove it across the Moon, and the tracks they left will stay there for millions of years because there is no wind. 7月31日
  126. 1971 ディズニー・ワールドが開園Walt Disney World opened in Florida, on land that had been bought quietly through several companies so that prices would not rise. 10月1日
  127. 1971 最初のマイクロプロセッサIntel announced a chip the size of a fingernail that held a whole computer's processing on it, built at first for a Japanese company that wanted it for a calculator. 11月15日
  128. 1972 ビートルがT型フォードを抜くThe fifteen millionth Beetle left the factory, passing a production record that the Model T had held for more than forty years. 2月17日
  129. 1972 沖縄が日本に復帰するOkinawa was returned to Japan after twenty-seven years under American administration, and cars kept driving on the right for six more years. 5月15日
  130. 1972 国連の環境会議が開かれるRepresentatives of a hundred and thirteen countries met in Stockholm to talk about the environment for the first time, and the day became World Environment Day. 6月5日
  131. 1972 ポンが売り出されるAtari put Pong on sale, a game so simple that its whole instruction sheet was one line long. 11月29日
  132. 1972 最後の月への飛行が始まるThe last Apollo mission left for the Moon at night, and on the way the crew took a picture of the whole Earth lit by the Sun that has become one of the most reproduced photographs ever. 12月7日
  133. 1972 人が月から帰ってきた最後の日The last three men to travel to the Moon splashed down in the Pacific, and the commander's final words on the surface promised a return that has not yet happened. 12月19日
  134. 1973 初めて携帯電話で通話するStanding on a New York street, an engineer made the first call from a handheld phone, and he rang the rival who was trying to build the same thing. 4月3日
  135. 1973 「ストックホルム症候群」のもとになった事件A bank robber in Stockholm held four people in a vault for six days, and when it was over the hostages defended him and refused to testify, which gave a name to the way captives can come to side with their captors. 8月23日
  136. 1973 テニス、キングがリッグスに勝つBillie Jean King beat Bobby Riggs in a tennis match that was watched by tens of millions of people. 9月20日
  137. 1973 シドニー・オペラハウス開場The Sydney Opera House opened sixteen years after work began, ten years late and far over its original budget. 10月20日
  138. 1974 探査機が水星に近づくA spacecraft passed close to Mercury for the first time, using the pull of Venus to reach a planet it could not have reached alone. 3月29日
  139. 1974 ハンク・アーロンが記録を破るAaron hit his seven hundred and fifteenth home run in Atlanta, passing a record that had stood for almost forty years, after a season of threats because of his colour. 4月8日
  140. 1974 バーコードが初めて読み取られるA packet of chewing gum was the first item ever scanned at a supermarket checkout, in a small town in Ohio, and the packet is now in a museum in Washington. 6月26日
  141. 1974 ツインタワーのあいだを綱で渡るA young Frenchman stepped onto a wire strung between the two towers of the World Trade Center at dawn and crossed it eight times, four hundred metres above the street, before the police could stop him. 8月7日
  142. 1974 大統領が初めて辞任するNixon left the White House by helicopter at noon, the first president to resign, after tapes he had made of his own conversations showed he had tried to cover up a break-in. 8月9日
  143. 1974 キンシャサでアリが王座に戻るMuhammad Ali let a stronger puncher tire himself out against the ropes, and then knocked him down in the eighth round. 10月30日
  144. 1974 「ルーシー」が見つかるResearchers in Ethiopia found the bones of a human ancestor and named her after a song that was playing in their camp that night. 11月24日
  145. 1975 マイクロソフトができるTwo friends in their twenties started a software company in New Mexico, betting that every home would one day have a computer. 4月4日
  146. 1975 女性が初めてエベレストに立つTabei Junko became the first woman to stand on the top of Everest, twelve days after an avalanche had buried her camp and she had been dug out unconscious. 5月16日
  147. 1975 SNLの第1回が放送されるSaturday Night Live went on the air for the first time, and its opening scene was an English lesson that went badly wrong. 10月11日
  148. 1976 コンコルドが客を乗せて飛ぶTwo supersonic airliners took off at the same moment from London and Paris, cutting the Atlantic crossing to about three hours. 1月21日
  149. 1976 アップルが作られるThree men set up a computer company in California, and one of them sold his share for eight hundred dollars less than two weeks later. 4月1日
  150. 1976 火星に着陸して写真を送るA lander touched down on Mars seven years to the day after the Moon landing and sent back the first pictures taken from the surface, showing an orange sky nobody had expected. 7月20日
  151. 1977 スター・ウォーズが公開されるA film that studios had turned down opened in fewer than forty cinemas, and by the end of the year it had become the biggest earner ever made. 5月25日
  152. 1977 ボイジャー2号が先に飛び立つVoyager 2 was launched sixteen days before Voyager 1, which is why the numbers look the wrong way round, and it is still sending data today. 8月20日
  153. 1977 ボイジャー1号が打ち上げられるVoyager 1 left Earth carrying a gold record of sounds and greetings, meant for anyone who might find it long after everyone alive had gone. 9月5日
  154. 1977 地球と月が1枚の写真にVoyager 1 looked back from millions of kilometres away and took the first photograph showing the Earth and the Moon together in a single frame. 9月18日
  155. 1978 「ガーフィールド」が始まるA comic strip about a fat orange cat who hates Mondays appeared in forty-one newspapers, and it is now printed in more than two thousand. 6月19日
  156. 1978 体外受精の子が生まれるThe first baby conceived outside the body was born in England, and her parents had agreed to let the doctors film the birth so that nobody could claim it had been faked. 7月25日
  157. 1978 沖縄の車が右から左へ移るTraffic in Okinawa moved from the right side of the road to the left overnight, and buses stopped running for several hours while the signs were changed. 7月30日
  158. 1978 気球で大西洋を渡るThree men in a helium balloon reached France after six days in the air, having thrown most of their equipment overboard to stay up. 8月17日
  159. 1979 冥王星が海王星の内側に入るPluto moved inside the orbit of Neptune and stayed there for twenty years, so that for a while it was not the farthest planet at all. 2月7日
  160. 1979 スリーマイル島の事故A reactor in Pennsylvania partly melted after a valve stuck open and the operators misread their instruments, and although little radiation escaped, the fear it caused was lasting. 3月28日
  161. 1979 イギリス初の女性首相が就くThatcher became the first woman to lead a major Western country as prime minister, and she went on to hold the post for eleven years. 5月4日
  162. 1979 ウォークマンが売り出されるA cassette player with no speaker and no way to record went on sale in Japan, and sellers abroad complained that the name was not proper English. 7月1日
  163. 1979 宇宙ステーションが落ちてくるAmerica's first space station fell out of orbit and scattered pieces across Western Australia, and a town there sent NASA a fine for littering, which was paid thirty years later by a radio host. 7月11日
  164. 1980 セント・ヘレンズ山が噴火するThe north side of a mountain in Washington slid away and the blast flattened forests for kilometres, which is why the mountain is now four hundred metres lower. 5月18日
  165. 1980 24時間のニュース局が始まるA channel began showing news around the clock, an idea that rivals called a waste of money because nobody watched television in the afternoon. 6月1日
  166. 1980 モスクワ五輪が開幕するThe Olympic Games opened in Moscow with more than sixty countries staying away in protest, and Japan was among those whose athletes were told not to go. 7月19日
  167. 1980 土星の環がくっきり写るVoyager 1 passed within a hundred and twenty-four thousand kilometres of Saturn and sent back pictures showing the rings split into hundreds of narrow bands, which no telescope on Earth had seen. 11月12日
  168. 1980 ジョン・レノン銃撃John Lennon was shot outside his home in New York, and crowds gathered in the park across the street to sing his songs. 12月8日
  169. 1981 スペースシャトルが初めて飛ぶThe first space shuttle rose from Florida exactly twenty years after Gagarin's flight, and it was the first time a crew had flown a spacecraft that had never been tested without people on board. 4月12日
  170. 1981 チャールズとダイアナの結婚式A wedding in London was watched on television by about seven hundred and fifty million people, and the bride's dress had a train seven and a half metres long. 7月29日
  171. 1981 音楽専門のテレビ局が始まるA channel showing nothing but music videos went on the air, and the first song it played was about a new medium pushing out an old one. 8月1日
  172. 1981 IBMのパソコンが発表されるA large company announced a personal computer built mostly from parts anyone could buy, which let other makers copy it within a year. 8月12日
  173. 1983 探査機が惑星の外へ出るPioneer 10 crossed the orbit of the outermost planet, becoming the first thing made by people to leave the region of the planets behind. 6月13日
  174. 1983 アメリカ初の女性宇宙飛行士Ride rode a shuttle into orbit as the first American woman in space, twenty years after the first woman had gone, and reporters asked her whether she would cry if things went wrong. 6月18日
  175. 1983 地球でいちばん低い気温A station in Antarctica recorded a temperature of minus eighty-nine degrees, the lowest ever measured on the surface of the Earth. 7月21日
  176. 1983 一人の判断が核戦争を止めるA Soviet officer decided that his warning system was wrong when it reported incoming missiles, and he did not pass the alarm on. 9月26日
  177. 1984 最初のマッキントッシュA computer was introduced that showed pictures on the screen and came with a mouse, so that people could work without typing commands. 1月24日
  178. 1985 ライヴエイドが行われるTwo concerts on two continents were shown around the world on the same day to raise money for famine relief, and about a billion and a half people watched. 7月13日
  179. 1985 タイタニックが海底で見つかるA camera towed above the seabed sent up a picture of a ship's boiler nearly four kilometres down, and the team that had searched for weeks found the Titanic in the middle of the night. 9月1日
  180. 1985 メキシコ大地震A powerful earthquake struck Mexico City in the morning and destroyed hundreds of buildings across the capital. 9月19日
  181. 1986 スペースシャトルの事故A shuttle broke apart seventy-three seconds after launch, and millions of schoolchildren were watching because a teacher was on board. 1月28日
  182. 1986 チョルノービリの原発事故A reactor in Ukraine went out of control during a test at night, and people in nearby towns were not told to leave until the next day. 4月26日
  183. 1987 赤の広場に小型機が降りるA nineteen-year-old German flew a small plane through Soviet air defences and landed beside Red Square, and no one stopped him on the way. 5月28日
  184. 1987 「この壁を壊しなさい」Standing in front of the Brandenburg Gate, Reagan called on the Soviet leader to tear down the wall, a line his advisers had tried to cut from the speech. 6月12日
  185. 1987 ブラックマンデーShare prices fell so fast around the world that the day is still remembered simply by the name of a colour. 10月19日
  186. 1989 ウェブの提案が出されるA researcher handed his boss a short paper suggesting a way to link documents across computers, and it came back marked vague but exciting. 3月12日
  187. 1989 アラスカ沖で原油が流れ出すA tanker ran onto a reef in Alaska just after midnight and spilled about forty million litres of oil, and the shoreline has never fully recovered. 3月24日
  188. 1989 ゲームボーイが発売されるA handheld game machine with a small grey screen went on sale in Japan, and although rivals soon offered colour, its long battery life and low price kept it selling for years. 4月21日
  189. 1989 ベルリンの壁が開くA confused announcement at a press conference sent crowds to the Berlin Wall, and by midnight the gates were open. 11月9日
  190. 1989 子どもの権利条約が採択されるThe United Nations adopted a treaty saying that children have rights of their own, and almost every country in the world has since agreed to it. 11月20日
  191. 1989 「ザ・シンプソンズ」が始まるA cartoon about a yellow family from a town called Springfield began as a series, and it has run for more than thirty-five years, longer than any other scripted show on American television. 12月17日
  192. 1989 ブランデンブルク門が開くThe gate that had stood in the strip of no man's land between the two halves of Berlin for twenty-eight years was opened to people on foot, and the leaders of both Germanys walked through it together. 12月22日

1990年〜48件

  1. 1990 モスクワにマクドナルドが開くThe first McDonald's in the Soviet Union opened in Moscow, and about thirty thousand people stood in line on the first day, many of them for hours in the cold. 1月31日
  2. 1990 マンデラが27年ぶりに釈放Nelson Mandela walked free after twenty-seven years in prison, and four years later he was elected president. 2月11日
  3. 1990 ハッブル望遠鏡が上がるA telescope was carried into orbit above the air that blurs the stars, and yet its mirror turned out to be the wrong shape. 4月24日
  4. 1990 イラクがクウェートに侵攻するIraqi troops crossed into Kuwait before dawn and took the capital within hours, and the United Nations demanded that they leave, which set off the Gulf War six months later. 8月2日
  5. 1990 東西ドイツが統一されるEast and West Germany were united into one country less than a year after the Berlin Wall was opened. 10月3日
  6. 1990 ウェブが初めてつながるOn Christmas Day a browser and a server talked to each other for the first time on two computers at CERN, and the address of that first server can still be visited today. 12月25日
  7. 1991 ウェブが世界に公開されるTim Berners-Lee posted a public message describing a new project called the World Wide Web. 8月6日
  8. 1991 レニングラードが元の名に戻るThe city on the Baltic took back the name it had been given by Peter the Great, after residents voted to drop the name of the revolutionary leader it had carried for sixty-seven years. 9月6日
  9. 1991 ソ連の終わりが決まるThe leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus met in a hunting lodge in a forest and signed a paper saying the Soviet Union no longer existed, and the president in Moscow learned of it by telephone. 12月8日
  10. 1992 最初の携帯メールA young engineer typed the words Merry Christmas on a computer and sent them to a mobile phone across town, and the phone could not send anything back because phones then had no keyboard for it. 12月3日
  11. 1993 ウェブの技術が無償で開かれるThe laboratory that owned the web software gave up its rights to it, so that anyone anywhere could use the code without paying. 4月30日
  12. 1994 『叫び』が盗まれるTwo men climbed a ladder into a museum in Oslo and took a famous painting in under a minute, on the morning the Winter Olympics opened in Norway. 2月12日
  13. 1994 南アフリカで全員が投票するPeople of every race voted together for the first time, and in some places the lines were so long that they took more than a day. 4月27日
  14. 1994 マンデラが大統領になるMandela was sworn in as president in front of leaders from around the world, four years after walking out of prison, and his former guards were among the guests. 5月10日
  15. 1995 Windows 95 が発売されるMicrosoft released an operating system with a button marked Start, and people queued outside shops at midnight to buy software, something that had never happened before. 8月24日
  16. 1995 コンピューターだけで作った映画The first full-length film made entirely on computers opened in cinemas, a story about toys that come alive when nobody is looking, and it had taken a hundred and ten people four years. 11月22日
  17. 1996 コンピューターが世界王者に勝つA computer beat the world chess champion in a single game for the first time, though the human went on to win the match. 2月10日
  18. 1997 クローン羊ドリーが公表されるScientists announced that a lamb had been made from a single cell taken from an adult sheep, and they named her Dolly. 2月22日
  19. 1997 ポール・マッカートニーがナイトになるMcCartney knelt before the Queen and rose as a knight, thirty-two years after the same monarch had given the four Beatles a lesser medal that some older holders sent back in protest. 3月11日
  20. 1997 コンピューターがチェスの王者に勝つA computer won a six-game match against the world chess champion, the first time a machine had beaten the best human player under tournament rules. 5月11日
  21. 1997 ハリー・ポッターの第1作が出るA first novel came out in a print run of five hundred copies, most of which went to libraries, and the author had been turned down by a dozen publishers. 6月26日
  22. 1997 車が地上で音速を超えるA jet-powered car driven by Andy Green broke the sound barrier on the ground, and that record still stands today. 10月15日
  23. 1998 長野オリンピックが閉幕Nagano closed sixteen days of winter games, the last winter games to be held in the twentieth century. 2月22日
  24. 1998 Googleが会社になるTwo students turned their search project into a company, working out of a garage they rented from a friend. 9月4日
  25. 1998 Googleが誕生日として祝う日Google celebrates September 27 as its birthday, although the company was legally created earlier that month. 9月27日
  26. 1999 ヨーロッパで共通通貨が始まるEleven countries in Europe began using a single currency, though the notes and coins would not appear for three more years. 1月1日
  27. 1999 ヨーロッパを横切る皆既日食The Moon's shadow raced across Europe from Cornwall to Romania at more than two thousand kilometres an hour, and about three hundred million people were inside the band where the Sun went dark. 8月11日
  28. 1999 パナマ運河が返されるThe United States handed the Panama Canal to Panama at noon, ending nearly a century of control over a strip of land through another country. 12月31日
  29. 2000 『ピーナッツ』の最終回The last new Peanuts strip appeared in newspapers the morning after its creator died, ending a run of nearly fifty years drawn by one hand. 2月13日
  30. 2001 ウィキペディアが始まるA website opened where anyone could write and edit the articles, an idea that almost everyone expected to fail. 1月15日
  31. 2001 同時多発テロHijacked planes were flown into buildings in New York and Washington, and nearly three thousand people from more than ninety countries were killed. 9月11日
  32. 2002 サッカーW杯の決勝が横浜でThe World Cup final was played in Yokohama at the end of the first tournament held in Asia and the first shared by two countries. 6月30日
  33. 2003 スペースシャトルの帰還事故Columbia broke up as it came back through the atmosphere, sixteen days after a piece of foam had struck its wing at launch. 2月1日
  34. 2004 フェイスブックが始まるA student launched a website for his own university, and within a day more than a thousand people had signed up. 2月4日
  35. 2004 民間の宇宙船が宇宙に届くA small rocket plane built by a private company flew above a hundred kilometres over California with one pilot on board, the first time a craft paid for by private money had reached space. 6月21日
  36. 2004 インド洋の津波An earthquake off Sumatra sent waves across the Indian Ocean that reached fourteen countries, and because there was no warning system, many on the beaches did not know what the retreating sea meant. 12月26日
  37. 2005 YouTube の名前が登録されるThree former colleagues registered the name of a video site on Valentine's Day, and the first clip uploaded was nineteen seconds of one of them at a zoo. 2月14日
  38. 2005 最初の動画が上げられるThe first video on YouTube was nineteen seconds of one of its founders standing in front of elephants at a zoo, and it has been watched hundreds of millions of times. 4月23日
  39. 2005 ハリケーン・カトリーナA hurricane came ashore near New Orleans and the walls meant to hold back the water gave way, leaving most of the city under water for weeks and more than a thousand people dead. 8月29日
  40. 2006 最初のツイートが投稿されるThe first message on a new service was five words long, and within ten years the site was carrying hundreds of millions of posts a day. 3月21日
  41. 2006 ツイッターが公開されるA service for posting messages of no more than a hundred and forty characters was opened to the public, and its makers at first described it as a way to tell friends what you were doing. 7月15日
  42. 2007 iPhoneが発表されるJobs told an audience he had three new products, then explained that they were all one device. 1月9日
  43. 2007 最初のiPhoneが売り出されるPeople queued for days outside shops for a phone with no physical keyboard, a design that most makers at the time thought customers would reject. 6月29日
  44. 2008 大型加速器が動き出すThe largest machine ever built sent its first beam around a ring under the border between two countries, watched by scientists from around the world. 9月10日
  45. 2009 ハドソン川への着水A plane lost both engines to birds soon after takeoff, and the pilot put it down on a river with everyone on board surviving. 1月15日
  46. 2011 東日本大震災A very large earthquake struck off the coast of northeastern Japan, and the waves that followed reached far inland. 3月11日
  47. 2011 スティーブ・ジョブズ死去Steve Jobs died the day after Apple introduced a new iPhone, and tributes were left outside Apple stores around the world. 10月5日
  48. 2018 ホーキングが没するHawking died on the birthday of Einstein, seventy-six years after being born on the anniversary of Galileo's death, and his ashes were placed next to Newton's. 3月14日