単語の練習は「片方向」だけじゃもったいない。両方向で思い出すと翌日に差が出た

Q1. What is the passage mainly about?

1. AHow to speak Lithuanian
2. BWhy English is difficult
3. CPracticing new words in one direction or both directions
4. DHow to make word cards

単語を一方向で練習するか両方向で練習するかを比べた研究なので C が正解。

Q2. Who remembered more words?

1. APeople who practiced in both directions
2. BPeople who always practiced in one direction
3. CPeople who did not practice
4. DPeople who only read the words

The people who practiced both ways remembered more とあるので A。

Q3. In this passage, "both ways" means ...

1. Atwo different languages
2. Bin two directions, such as English to Lithuanian and Lithuanian to English
3. Ctwo different days
4. Dtwo different teachers

both ways は「両方の向き」。直前の practiced in both directions を言い換えているので B。

Q1. What question did the researcher want to answer?

1. AWhether Lithuanian is harder than English
2. BHow many words people can learn in a day
3. CWhether testing is better than reading
4. DWhether the direction of practice affects vocabulary learning

does the direction of practice matter? が研究の問いなので D。

Q2. When was the advantage of practicing both ways clearest?

1. AOn a test given ten minutes later in the easier direction
2. BBefore the practice started
3. COn a test given 24 hours later in the harder direction
4. DDuring the first round of study

Their advantage was clearest on a test 24 hours later in the harder direction とあるので C。

Q3. What can we infer from the last three sentences?

1. ALearners cannot always judge how well a study method works.
2. BLearners always know the best way to study.
3. CPredictions are more important than test scores.
4. DThe learners did not take the final test.

予想に効果が表れておらず、the learners may not have realized which method was helping them とあるので A。

Q1. What was the main purpose of the study?

1. ATo test whether varying the direction of retrieval improves vocabulary learning
2. BTo compare Lithuanian and Japanese grammar
3. CTo show that rereading is better than testing
4. DTo measure how fast people can read

Does it also help to switch the direction of recall? が研究の問いなので A。

Q2. How is the result related to "desirable difficulties"?

1. AEasy practice always leads to the best memory.
2. BPractice that is harder in the short term can make memories last longer.
3. CDifficult words should be avoided.
4. DLearning should be as fast as possible.

conditions that slow learning down but make memories more durable と説明されているので B。

Q3. Which limitation does the author mention?

1. AThe participants did not make predictions.
2. BThe final test was given only once a week.
3. CRetrieval practice was not used.
4. DOnly one language pair was used, and memory after 24 hours was not tested.

run by a single researcher with one language pair, and nobody was tested after more than 24 hours とあるので D。