【関学の入試に出た】地平線の月が大きく見えるのは脳の錯覚。写真に撮ると大きさはほぼ同じだった

Q1. What is the passage mainly about?

1. AWhy the moon moves around the earth
2. BWhy the moon near the horizon looks bigger
3. CHow to take good photos of the moon
4. DWhy the moon is orange in the evening

地平線の月が大きく見える理由（脳のかんちがい）が全体のテーマなので B。

Q2. What happens when you take photos with the same camera settings?

1. AThe horizon moon looks twice as big.
2. BThe moon high in the sky disappears.
3. CThe moon is almost the same size in both photos.
4. DThe moon looks orange in both photos.

the moon is almost the same size in both とあるので C。

Q3. In this passage, "a trick of the brain" means ...

1. Aa game for children
2. Ba kind of camera
3. Ca part of the eye
4. Dsomething the brain sees in a wrong way

trick は「だまし、トリック」。実際は同じ大きさなのに脳が大きく見てしまう、という流れなので D。

Q1. What is the main point of the passage?

1. AThe horizon moon looks larger because of how the brain interprets distance.
2. BThe air makes the horizon moon bigger.
3. CThe moon is closer to the earth when it rises.
4. DCameras cannot photograph the moon correctly.

空気レンズ説を否定し、脳が距離の手がかりから月を遠いと判断して大きく補正する、と説明しているので A。

Q2. According to Kaufman and Rock, what gives the brain clues about distance?

1. AThe color of the moon
2. BThe temperature of the air
3. CThe light from the stars
4. DThe scenery on the ground, such as houses and trees

the scenery on the ground gives the brain clues about distance とあり、次の文で houses, trees and mountains と具体化されているので D。

Q3. What can be inferred about the moon high in the sky?

1. AIt is actually smaller than the horizon moon.
2. BThe brain does not enlarge it as much because there are no distance clues around it.
3. CIt is farther from the earth than the horizon moon.
4. DIt looks bigger in photos.

最終文 The moon high in the sky has no such clues around it. から、補正が働きにくいと推論できるので B。A は「実際に小さい」が誤り。

Q1. Why does the author say the explanation must "lie in perception rather than optics"?

1. ABecause cameras distort the size of the moon
2. BBecause the moon really moves closer to us at night
3. CBecause the moon's angular size hardly changes, so the difference must come from the brain
4. DBecause the atmosphere acts as a magnifying lens

直前で視角がどちらの位置でも約0.5度のままで、大気はむしろ月を平たくすると述べ、So で結論づけているので C。

Q2. What did the 2000 experiment with artificial moons show?

1. AThe horizon moon was perceived as more distant.
2. BThe horizon moon was perceived as closer.
3. CThe artificial moons looked smaller than the real moon.
4. DPeople could not see the artificial moons clearly.

found that the horizon moon was indeed perceived as more distant とあるので A。B は後半の paradox（人が口頭で答える印象）との混同を狙った選択肢。

Q3. What is the "paradox" mentioned in the passage?

1. APhotos show the moon at different sizes.
2. BThe moon is larger in winter than in summer.
3. CThe brain ignores distance cues entirely.
4. DThe brain seems to judge the horizon moon as farther away, yet many people say it looks closer.

paradox の直後の文 When asked directly, many people say the horizon moon looks closer が、脳は遠いと判断しているという実験結果と食い違うので D。