【WPMの測定手順】
1. 読む前に設問を確認する
2. 時計(ストップウォッチ)を見ながら、英文を最初から最後まで読み、かかった秒数を記録する
3. 設問に解答する
4. 答え合わせをして正解数を確認する
以下の計算式でWPMを算出する
WPM = 語数 ÷ 読むのにかかった秒数 × 60 × 正解数 ÷ 設問数
※読んだ内容の理解を測定せずただ英文を読むスピードをチェックしたい場合は、WPM = 語数 ÷ 読むのにかかった秒数 × 60 まででOK。
Mystery of Ginger Cats: Mostly Boys!
Have you ever noticed that the orange cat dozing in the sun is almost always a “he”? Vets say around 80 per cent of all ginger cats are male. Until recently, no one could give a clear answer. Now two international research teams have pieced the puzzle together.
Every cat’s coat colour is written in its genes. The orange instruction sits on the X chromosome. Boys carry one X and one Y. If their single X holds the orange version, their whole coat turns bright marmalade. Girls carry two X chromosomes. They must get two orange copies to look the same; otherwise patches of black and orange mix, creating famous calico and tortoiseshell patterns.
The scientists discovered a tiny missing piece of DNA inside a gene called ARHGAP36. Losing this fragment switches the gene on in pigment cells, blocking dark pigment and leaving a warm orange glow. Because the gene is on the X chromosome, the change shows itself immediately in males, but appears far less often in females, who usually need two similar hits.
To test the idea, the teams collected fur or cheek swabs from pet cats on five continents. Volunteers, breeders, and shelter workers even chipped in money through crowdfunding websites. Every ginger sample carried the same deletion. The finding may help vets track inherited diseases linked to coat colour, and it gives cat lovers everywhere one more fun fact to share about their fiery, friendly companions all around the world. (250words)
☆Answer the questions☆
(1) Where is the orange-colour gene?
a) Y chromosome b) X chromosome c) All chromosomes d) Eye cells
(2) Which gene’s small deletion causes ginger fur?
a) MC1R b) TYRP1 c) ARHGAP36 d) KIT
(3) Why are calico cats patchy?
a) No pigment cells b) Two X chromosomes carry different colours c) Too much sunlight d) Extra Y chromosome

【Answer】