「1日何時間スマホ？」の自己申告は記録とズレる　心との関係も強めに見えていた

Q1. What did the researchers compare?

1. ATwo kinds of phones
2. BPeople's answers and their phones' records
3. CPhones in different countries
4. DYoung people and old people

Researchers compared people's answers with the records kept by their phones. とあるので B。

Q2. In one study, how big was the difference?

1. AAbout 19 hours a week
2. BAbout 19 minutes a week
3. CAbout 19 hours a day
4. DThere was no difference.

the difference was about 19 hours a week とあるので A。

Q3. Why does this matter for research?

1. ABecause phones are too expensive
2. BBecause many studies only ask people to guess their screen time
3. CBecause people do not like phones
4. DBecause records are always wrong

many studies about phones and mood only ask people to guess their screen time とあるので B。

Q1. What did the team with 106 results find?

1. AQuestionnaires and records matched perfectly.
2. BPeople's answers were rarely accurate.
3. CRecords were always wrong.
4. DNobody uses phones anymore.

people's answers were rarely accurate とあるので B。

Q2. What did the 325 iPhone users do?

1. AThey deleted their social media apps.
2. BThey stopped using their phones for a week.
3. CThey guessed their weekly phone use.
4. DThey designed a new app.

325 iPhone users guessed their weekly use とあるので C。

Q3. When were the links with depression or loneliness stronger?

1. AWhen the researchers used people's guesses
2. BWhen the researchers used the real records
3. COnly on weekends
4. DOnly for older people

Links ... were stronger when the researchers used people's guesses. とあるので A。

Q1. Why does the author say the debate rests on a weak foundation?

1. ABecause phones change too quickly
2. BBecause most studies rely on people's own estimates of their use
3. CBecause researchers do not care about mental health
4. DBecause logs are impossible to collect

Most studies simply ask people how long they spend on their devices, and those estimates can be far from the truth. とあるので B。

Q2. Which type of questionnaire matched the logs least well?

1. AQuestions about sleep
2. BQuestions about the weather
3. CQuestionnaires about problematic or addictive use
4. DQuestions about age

Questionnaires designed to measure problematic or addictive use matched the logs even less well. とあるので C。

Q3. What do the authors of the 2020 study suggest that self-reports measure?

1. AHow much people feel they use their phones
2. BHow fast their phones are
3. CHow many apps they have installed
4. DHow much money they spend

self-reports may capture how much people feel they use their phones とあるので A。