Q1. What is the passage mainly about?

1. AHow to lose your accent quickly
2. BA study about accents and believing facts
3. CWhy ants do not sleep
4. DFamous English teachers in the US

なまりがあると雑学が「本当らしくない」と思われるかを調べた研究と、その追試の話なので B。

Q2. What happened when other researchers did the same kind of test?

1. AThey found a much bigger difference.
2. BThey stopped the test early.
3. CThey often found no difference.
4. DThey only tested children.

They often found no difference. とあるので C。後の追試では同じ結果が出ないことが多かった。

Q3. In this passage, "proven" means ...

1. Aforgotten by people
2. Beasy to say
3. Cvery old
4. Dshown to be true

prove は「証明する」。not proven は「証明されていない＝まだ確かとは言えない」なので D。

Q1. What did the listeners in the 2010 study do?

1. AThey read trivia statements aloud.
2. BThey rated how true trivia statements seemed.
3. CThey learned to speak with an accent.
4. DThey wrote new trivia questions.

rated how true each one seemed とあるので B。読み上げたのは話し手の側。

Q2. How did the researchers explain their result?

1. AListeners disliked people from other countries.
2. BThe accented speakers made more grammar mistakes.
3. CSpeech that is harder to process may feel less believable.
4. DThe sentences were written by the speakers themselves.

processing fluency の説明として Speech that is harder to process may feel less believable. とあるので C。

Q3. What can we infer from the last two sentences?

1. AThe 2010 finding is now accepted by everyone.
2. BAccents have no effect on listeners at all.
3. COnly Swiss listeners are fair to accented speakers.
4. DThe effect on credibility is uncertain, but accents may still affect impressions.

追試では効果が見つからないことが多く、内容を疑わせる証拠はほとんどない一方、話し手の印象は変わるかもしれない、とあるので D。「全く影響がない」とまでは言っていない。

Q1. What is the main point of the passage?

1. AA famous accent effect on credibility has often failed to replicate, though accents may still affect impressions.
2. BForeign accents always make listeners distrust the speaker.
3. CProcessing fluency has been proven false by later studies.
4. DLearners should aim to remove their accent completely.

有名な結果は yet its central result has proved fragile とされ、一方で This does not mean accents are irrelevant と続くので A。

Q2. Which of the following was a feature of the British replication study?

1. AIt tested about 380 Swiss participants.
2. BIt was preregistered and closely followed an earlier design.
3. CIt found that accents strongly reduced credibility.
4. DIt measured how infants react to speech.

a preregistered close replication of a 2021 study, run with British English speakers とあるので B。380人はスイスの研究。

Q3. Why does the author mention research on infants?

1. ATo prove that the 2010 study was correct
2. BTo show that babies prefer foreign accents
3. CTo suggest that grouping people by speech is a real tendency, even if the credibility effect is weak
4. DTo explain why trivia statements are hard to judge

This does not mean accents are irrelevant の根拠として、人は幼い頃から話し方で他者をグループ分けする、と述べているので C。