英文法No.106確認問題集あり

正誤問題で狙われる文法ミスTOP50

正誤問題・誤文訂正で何度も出る誤りを50の型に整理。誤文→正文→ポイントの3点セットで「どこを疑うか」の目を作る。

正誤問題で狙われる文法ミスTOP50 の1ページ目

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まずはこの3つ

  1. まず主語と動詞を見つけ、数・時制・態の一致を確かめる
  2. 動詞の後ろ（前置詞の有無・to か -ing か）を疑う
  3. 名詞は可算・不可算、関係詞は後ろの完全・不完全をチェック

正誤問題の見方：疑う順番4

  1. 1
    主語と動詞を決める修飾語句（of 〜・関係詞節・挿入）をカッコでくくり、主語の中心と動詞の数・時制を確かめる。
  2. 2
    動詞の後ろを見る自動詞か他動詞か、to V か -ing か、受動態にできる動詞か。語法の誤りは動詞の直後に集中する。
  3. 3
    名詞・代名詞・冠詞を見る不可算名詞の -s・a、代名詞の数、the other / another。
  4. 4
    最後に「正しそうな所」も疑うどれも正しく見えたら、時制の目印（yesterday・since）や比較の形（very＋比較級）を見直す。

1動詞の語法・文型8

  • ✕We discussed about the plan yesterday.
    ○We discussed the plan yesterday.
    discuss は他動詞。about は不要
  • ✕She married with a doctor last year.
    ○She married a doctor last year.
    marry は他動詞（be married to も可）
  • ✕We reached to the station at six.
    ○We reached the station at six.
    reach は他動詞（＝get to／arrive at）
  • ✕The price of vegetables has raised sharply.
    ○The price of vegetables has risen sharply.
    目的語なし→自動詞 rise
  • ✕He laid on the sofa all afternoon.
    ○He lay on the sofa all afternoon.
    横になる＝lie の過去形 lay
  • ✕I apologized him for being late.
    ○I apologized to him for being late.
    apologize to 人 for 事
  • ✕She explained me the rule.
    ○She explained the rule to me.
    explain は第4文型をとらない
  • ✕Please let me to know your answer.
    ○Please let me know your answer.
    使役 let＋O＋原形

2主語と動詞の一致5

  • ✕The number of foreign tourists are increasing.
    ○The number of foreign tourists is increasing.
    主語は the number（数）→単数
  • ✕Each of the students have a locker.
    ○Each of the students has a locker.
    each が主語→単数
  • ✕The news were surprising to everyone.
    ○The news was surprising to everyone.
    news は不可算→単数扱い
  • ✕The teacher, as well as her students, were excited.
    ○The teacher, as well as her students, was excited.
    A as well as B→A に一致
  • ✕Economics are a popular subject.
    ○Economics is a popular subject.
    学問名の -ics は単数扱い

3時制6

  • ✕I'll call you when he will come back.
    ○I'll call you when he comes back.
    時の副詞節は未来でも現在形
  • ✕I have visited Kyoto last year.
    ○I visited Kyoto last year.
    last year は現在完了と使えない
  • ✕I am knowing him since childhood.
    ○I have known him since childhood.
    状態動詞＋since→現在完了
  • ✕I lost the watch which my father has given me.
    ○I lost the watch which my father had given me.
    過去の話に現在完了は不可→had given（gave も可）
  • ✕It is ten years since he has died.
    ○It is ten years since he died.
    since の後は過去の一点→過去形
  • ✕She has been to London, so she isn't here now.
    ○She has gone to London, so she isn't here now.
    行ってしまって今いない→have gone to

4受動態・自動詞4

  • ✕The accident was happened last night.
    ○The accident happened last night.
    happen は自動詞→受動態にしない
  • ✕The boy was disappeared suddenly.
    ○The boy disappeared suddenly.
    disappear は自動詞
  • ✕I was stolen my wallet on the train.
    ○I had my wallet stolen on the train.
    盗まれるのは物。have＋O＋p.p.
  • ✕This team is consisted of ten players.
    ○This team consists of ten players.
    consist of は能動態で使う

5助動詞・仮定法5

  • ✕If I would have known, I would have helped.
    ○If I had known, I would have helped.
    仮定の if 節は had p.p.（would は主節）
  • ✕The teacher suggested that he takes a break.
    ○The teacher suggested that he take a break.
    提案の that 節は（should）＋原形
  • ✕I wish I can speak French.
    ○I wish I could speak French.
    I wish＋仮定法過去
  • ✕You had not better tell her.
    ○You had better not tell her.
    not は better の後
  • ✕He must be at home yesterday.
    ○He must have been at home yesterday.
    過去への推量は must have p.p.

6不定詞・動名詞6

  • ✕We enjoyed to swim in the sea.
    ○We enjoyed swimming in the sea.
    enjoy は -ing だけ
  • ✕I look forward to hear from you.
    ○I look forward to hearing from you.
    to は前置詞→-ing
  • ✕It is kind for you to help me.
    ○It is kind of you to help me.
    人の性質の形容詞→of 人
  • ✕This river is dangerous to swim in it.
    ○This river is dangerous to swim in.
    主語＝in の目的語。it を重ねない
  • ✕My mother made me to clean my room.
    ○My mother made me clean my room.
    使役 make＋O＋原形
  • ✕This book is worth to read.
    ○This book is worth reading.
    be worth -ing

7分詞3

  • ✕I was exciting about the trip.
    ○I was excited about the trip.
    人がわくわくした→-ed
  • ✕Walking along the street, a strange sound was heard.
    ○Walking along the street, I heard a strange sound.
    歩いていたのは I。主語をそろえる
  • ✕Seeing from the plane, the island looks small.
    ○Seen from the plane, the island looks small.
    島は「見られる」側→p.p.

8関係詞・接続詞5

  • ✕This is the town where I visited last year.
    ○This is the town which I visited last year.
    visit の目的語が欠ける→関係代名詞
  • ✕This is the book what I wanted.
    ○This is the book which [that] I wanted.
    先行詞の後に what は不可
  • ✕He is the man whom I think is honest.
    ○He is the man who I think is honest.
    I think を外すと is の主語→主格
  • ✕I met her during I was in Paris.
    ○I met her while I was in Paris.
    後ろが S V→接続詞
  • ✕Despite he was tired, he kept working.
    ○Though he was tired, he kept working.
    despite は前置詞（Despite being tired も可）

9名詞・冠詞・代名詞4

  • ✕I have many homeworks today.
    ○I have a lot of homework today.
    homework は不可算
  • ✕Could you give me an advice?
    ○Could you give me some advice?
    advice は不可算
  • ✕I usually go to school by a bus.
    ○I usually go to school by bus.
    手段の by＋無冠詞
  • ✕I have two sisters. One is in Tokyo, and another is in Osaka.
    ○…One is in Tokyo, and the other is in Osaka.
    2人のうち残りの1人→the other

10形容詞・副詞・比較4

  • ✕This dictionary is very better than that one.
    ○This dictionary is much better than that one.
    比較級の強調に very は不可
  • ✕This model is superior than the old one.
    ○This model is superior to the old one.
    superior は than でなく to
  • ✕Almost students passed the exam.
    ○Most students passed the exam.
    almost は副詞→almost all students も可
  • ✕Mt. Fuji is higher than any other mountains in Japan.
    ○…than any other mountain in Japan.
    any other＋単数名詞
正誤問題で迷った時の心得

正誤問題は「意味を変えずに、最小限の修正で直せる所」を探す。単語を別の語に替えれば直る、というのは正解の根拠にならない。文法の約束（一致・語法・語順）に反している所を1つだけ探す。どうしても見つからない時は「誤りなし」の選択肢がある形式かを確認する。

確認テスト

誤りのある下線部（太字）を1つ選ぶ。意味を変えずに直せる所が答え。

  1. 1
    The number of (A)cars (B)on the road (C)are (D)increasing every year.
  2. 2
    The news (A)that he had won the prize (B)were (C)a big surprise (D)to all of us.
  3. 3
    When I (A)arrived at the station (B)yesterday, the train (C)has already (D)left.
  4. 4
    Each of the (A)members (B)have (C)to pay the fee (D)by Friday.
  5. 5
    She was (A)so (B)exciting (C)about the trip (D)that she couldn't sleep.
  6. 6
    It was very (A)kind (B)for you (C)to help (D)me with my homework.
  7. 7
    I (A)suggested (B)that she (C)goes (D)to see a doctor.
  8. 8
    We enjoyed (A)to swim (B)in the lake (C)during (D)the summer vacation.
  9. 9
    I'm used (A)to (B)get up early, so six o'clock (C)is (D)not hard for me.

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