冷たい水に30秒長く手をつける方を7割が選んだ。決め手は「最後が少し楽」だったこと

Q1. What is the passage mainly about?

1. AHow to keep your hands warm
2. BWhy cold water is good for health
3. CHow we remember painful experiences
4. DHow long people can stay in water

つらい体験を長さではなく最悪の瞬間と終わりで記憶する、という話なので C。

Q2. About how many people chose the longer trial?

1. AAbout 10 percent
2. BAbout 30 percent
3. CAbout 50 percent
4. DAbout 70 percent

About 70 percent chose to repeat the longer trial とあるので D。

Q3. In this passage, "trial" means ...

1. Aa test or try
2. Ba court case
3. Ca long walk
4. Da kind of water

trial はここでは実験の「試行・1回分の試し」の意味なので A。

Q1. What was different about the second trial?

1. AThe water was much warmer from the start.
2. BIt lasted 30 seconds longer, and the water became slightly warmer at the end.
3. CParticipants used both hands.
4. DIt was shorter than the first trial.

kept their hand in the water for 30 more seconds while the temperature rose slightly とあるので B。

Q2. What is the peak-end rule?

1. AWe judge experiences by their total length.
2. BWe remember only the beginning of experiences.
3. CWe judge experiences mainly by their most intense moment and their ending.
4. DWe forget all painful experiences.

we judge past experiences mainly by their most intense moment, or peak, and by how they end とあるので C。

Q3. What can we infer from the experiment?

1. AAdding a slightly better ending can improve memories of an experience.
2. BPeople always choose the shortest option.
3. CCold water is not painful.
4. DMemory records every second of an experience.

苦痛が長くても終わりが少しマシな方が選ばれたことから、良い終わり方を加えると記憶が良くなると推論できる。A が正解。

Q1. According to Kahneman, which self makes future decisions?

1. AThe experiencing self
2. BThe remembering self
3. CBoth selves equally
4. DNeither self

it is the remembering self that makes future decisions とあるので B。

Q2. What did the 2003 randomized trial show?

1. AShorter procedures were always remembered as better.
2. BPatients refused to have a second test.
3. CAdding a milder period at the end improved patients' memories.
4. DPain at the end did not matter.

adding a milder period at the end left patients with better memories of the procedure とあるので C。

Q3. How does the passage qualify the peak-end rule?

1. AIt may work less well for whole days and holidays.
2. BIt proves that the rule is false.
3. CIt shows that only peaks matter.
4. DIt finds that endings have no effect.

studies of whole days and holidays found weaker effects, so the rule is best seen as a strong tendency とあるので A。