Q1. What is the passage mainly about?

1. AHow to build strong arms
2. BHow blood moves in the body
3. CWhy people like sit-ups
4. DWhether exercising one body part burns fat only there

鍛えた場所の脂肪だけが減るか（部分痩せ）がテーマなので D。

Q2. What happened in the arm study?

1. AOnly the trained arm lost fat.
2. BNeither arm lost fat.
3. CThe fat on both arms went down by about the same amount.
4. DThe untrained arm gained fat.

The fat on both arms went down by about the same amount. とあるので C。

Q3. In this passage, "the whole body" means ...

1. Aonly the stomach
2. Ball parts of the body
3. Conly the arms
4. Dthe blood

whole は「全体の」。the whole body は体全体なので B。

Q1. Why did the American team compare two arms of the same person?

1. ATo see if fat decreased more in the trained arm
2. BTo find out which arm was stronger
3. CTo test a new diet
4. DTo measure blood pressure

部分痩せを検証するため、鍛えた腕と鍛えていない腕の脂肪の減り方を比べたので A。

Q2. What happened in the 2011 study?

1. AParticipants lost a lot of stomach fat.
2. BParticipants changed their diet.
3. CParticipants stopped exercising after one week.
4. DStomach muscles got stronger, but stomach fat did not change much.

Their stomach muscles became stronger, but their stomach fat barely changed とあるので D。

Q3. What does the writer say about spot reduction?

1. AIt is the best way to lose fat.
2. BEvery study supports it.
3. CIt works only for arms.
4. DA few studies support it, but they had few participants, and any effect seems slight.

A few studies support spot reduction, but they had few participants, and any effect seems slight とあるので D。

Q1. Why does the author consider comparing two arms of the same person a strong design?

1. AIt removes individual differences such as genes or diet.
2. BIt is cheaper than using MRI.
3. CIt allows people to eat more.
4. DIt requires fewer weeks of training.

Because each person served as their own comparison, differences in genes or diet cannot explain the result とあるので A。同一人物内の比較の強み。

Q2. What does the comparison of fat to "a shared account" mean?

1. AFat is stored in a bank.
2. BFat can only be used by the stomach.
3. CFat from the whole body is drawn on, not just fat near the working muscle.
4. DPeople should share their diet plans.

脂肪は脂肪酸として血流に乗り、全身の筋肉に届けられるので、近くの脂肪だけが使われるわけではない、というたとえなので C。

Q3. Why does the author treat the 2023 Norwegian trial with caution?

1. AIt was published in the 1970s.
2. BIt used only women.
3. CIt found that running increases fat.
4. DIt involved only sixteen participants, and a meta-analysis found no overall effect.

That trial involved only sixteen men, and a 2021 meta-analysis found no overall spot-reduction effect とあるので D。