5000年前、エジプト王の家来は"道連れ"にされた？ 頭の骨46個中18個に死の前後の傷。100年前は「土のせいの割れ目」とされていた

Q1. What is the passage mainly about?

1. AHow the first kings of Egypt built their palaces
2. BNew findings about the skulls of workers buried near Egypt's first kings
3. CWhy soil in Egypt is good for growing food
4. DA scientist who found a new king's grave

第2〜5文で、王の墓のまわりに葬られた働き手の頭の骨を調べ直した話をしているので、正解は B。

Q2. How many of the 46 skulls had injuries from around the time of death?

1. A5
2. B18
3. C46
4. D100

「She found that 18 had injuries from around the time of death.」とあるので、正解は 18。

Q3. In this passage, what does "crack" mean?

1. AA small line where something has started to break
2. BA kind of old Egyptian tool
3. CA loud sound made by a king
4. DA name written on a grave

骨にできた cracks を、昔の発掘者は土のせいだと考えた、という流れから「ひび・割れ目」の意味。正解は A。

Q1. What is the main point of the passage?

1. APetrie found many weapons in the graves at Abydos.
2. BA new study found injuries on skulls that Petrie had described as having none.
3. CCambridge University has bought skulls from Egypt.
4. DEgypt's first kings were buried in the north of the country.

ピートリーは「骨に傷はない」としたが、キャンベルさんの再調査で46個中18個に骨折が見つかった、というのが中心。正解は B。

Q2. Why did Petrie put wax on the skulls?

1. ATo make them look shiny in a museum
2. BTo hide the injuries from other scientists
3. CTo protect the parts that were broken
4. DTo find out how old they were

「Petrie had put wax around many of the breaks to protect them」とあるので、割れた部分を守るため。正解は C。

Q3. What can we infer about Petrie's mistake?

1. AHe never looked at the skulls at all.
2. BHe saw the breaks but did not understand when they happened.
3. CHe broke the skulls himself while digging.
4. DHe thought the servants had died of illness.

最終文で、割れ目のまわりにロウを塗っていた＝見てはいたが、埋葬のせいでできたと考えたとある。いつできた傷かを読み違えたので、正解は B。

Q1. What is the passage mainly about?

1. AHow CT scans are used in modern hospitals
2. BA fresh look at whether servants of Egypt's first kings were killed at their burial
3. CThe life of Flinders Petrie as a young man
4. DThe building methods of royal tombs in Iraq

殉死説と自然死説の論争を、キャンベルさんが骨を調べ直して見直す、という内容が全体を通じて述べられている。正解は B。

Q2. According to the passage, which statement is true?

1. AAll 46 skulls showed injuries made around the time of death.
2. BThe surviving skulls are only a small part of the people buried at each site.
3. CCampbell proved that the injuries caused the deaths.
4. DPetrie reported many signs of violence on the bones.

「the skulls represent only 5 to 15 percent of those buried at each site」とあるので B が正しい。18個のみ（A誤）、死の直前か直後か区別できない（C誤）、ピートリーは暴力の跡なしと報告（D誤）。

Q3. Why does the writer mention the study from Ur?

1. ATo show that Egypt and Iraq used the same tombs
2. BTo argue that Petrie also worked in Iraq
3. CTo give a similar case where new methods found injuries on people buried with royalty
4. DTo explain how wax protects old bones

最終文で、ウルの王墓の頭の骨もCTで調べ直すと重いけがが見つかったと、似た例として挙げている。正解は C。