ゴムの手を"自分の手"と感じる「ラバーハンド錯覚」。「本物の手が冷える」は追試ではっきりせず

Q1. What is the passage mainly about?

1. AHow to make a rubber hand
2. BA test in which a rubber hand feels like your own hand
3. CWhy brushes are good for painting
4. DHow to keep your hands warm

ゴムの手を自分の手のように感じる錯覚の実験が話題なので B。

Q2. When does the feeling become much weaker?

1. AWhen the real hand is hidden
2. BWhen the rubber hand is in front of you
3. CWhen a brush is used
4. DWhen the two hands are not brushed at the same time

If the brushing is not at the same time, the feeling becomes much weaker. とあるので D。

Q3. In this passage, "strokes" means ...

1. Agently moves something over the surface
2. Bhits very hard
3. Cpaints a picture of
4. Dcuts with scissors

stroke は動詞で「なでる」。筆で手の上をそっと動かす動作なので A。

Q1. What happened when participants pointed to their real hand with their eyes closed?

1. AThey pointed exactly to their real hand.
2. BThey refused to point.
3. CTheir pointing shifted toward the rubber hand.
4. DThey pointed to the brushes.

their pointing shifted toward the rubber one とあるので C。

Q2. What is necessary for the illusion to occur?

1. AThe two hands must be stroked at the same time.
2. BThe rubber hand must be warm.
3. CThe participant must close their eyes during stroking.
4. DThe real hand must be visible.

タイミングがずれると錯覚はずっと弱くなる、とあるので同時になでることが必要。正解は A。

Q3. According to the passage, how does the brain decide which hand belongs to the body?

1. ABy remembering the hand's color
2. BBy combining what it sees and what it feels
3. CBy listening to the sound of the brush
4. DBy measuring the size of the hand

The brain seems to combine sight and touch とあるので B。

Q1. What does the passage mainly suggest?

1. AThe illusion shows the brain builds our sense of body ownership, though some claims about it are doubtful.
2. BRubber hands can feel touch.
3. CThe illusion only works under hypnosis.
4. DThe real hand always becomes cold during the illusion.

所有感は脳が組み立てていることを示しつつ、手の冷えなど一部の主張は疑わしい、という流れなので A。

Q2. What did the Dutch replications find?

1. AThe real hand cooled in every participant.
2. BNo consistent cooling of the real hand
3. CThe rubber hand became warmer.
4. DThe illusion did not occur at all.

five replications with 167 participants found no consistent cooling とあるので B。

Q3. What is the significance of the 2020 British finding?

1. AIt proved that the premotor cortex is not involved.
2. BIt showed that brushes are unnecessary.
3. CIt showed that only British people feel the illusion.
4. DIt suggests that participants' expectations may influence the reported illusion.

暗示にかかりやすい人ほど錯覚が強い＝期待が報告を形づくっている可能性、とあるので D。ただし再分析で反論も出ている。