文字を読めるようになると、脳に「文字を担当する場所」が育つ。大人になってから学んでも変わっていた

Q1. What is the passage mainly about?

1. AHow learning to read changes the brain
2. BHow to write letters beautifully
3. CWhy people stopped writing
4. DHow old the human brain is

読み方を覚えると脳が変わる、という内容なので A。

Q2. When did people start writing, according to the passage?

1. AAbout 500 years ago
2. BAbout 50,000 years ago
3. CAbout 5,000 years ago
4. DIn 2010

People started writing only about 5,000 years ago. とあるので C。

Q3. In this passage, "react strongly to" means ...

1. Aignore completely
2. Bbecome very active when it sees
3. Cmove away from
4. Dforget quickly

react to ～ は「～に反応する」。文字を見るとよく活動する、という意味なので B。

Q1. Why could our brains not have evolved a special reading area?

1. ABecause writing was invented too recently
2. BBecause reading is too easy
3. CBecause only children can read
4. DBecause the brain is too small

Humans have been writing for only about 5,000 years. That is too short a time ... とあるので A。

Q2. Who took part in the 2010 study?

1. AOnly six-year-old children
2. BOnly people who could not read
3. COnly university students
4. DAdults who could not read, who learned as adults, and who learned as children

Some could not read, some had learned as adults, and some had learned as children とあるので D。

Q3. What did the 2018 study suggest about the reading area?

1. AIt replaces the area for faces.
2. BIt takes many years to appear.
3. CIt grows in a place that was not strongly specialized before.
4. DIt only appears in adults.

It grows in a spot that was not strongly specialized before, so it does not take over the area for faces とあるので C。

Q1. What is the main idea of the passage?

1. ALearning to read reshapes visual brain areas, even in adulthood.
2. BReading ability is fixed at birth.
3. COnly children can develop a reading area.
4. DFaces and words are processed in exactly the same way.

読み書きの学習で視覚領域が作り変えられ、それは大人でも起きる、が主旨なので A。

Q2. What did literacy do to the region's response to faces in the 2010 study?

1. AIt doubled it.
2. BIt slightly reduced it.
3. CIt completely removed it.
4. DIt had no connection to faces at all.

slightly reduced its response to faces とあるので B。完全に消えたわけではない。

Q3. Why should the 2010 results be interpreted with care?

1. ABecause the participants were all children
2. BBecause the scans were done only once in each person's life
3. CBecause the study used no brain scans
4. DBecause it was cross-sectional, so education and background differences may explain part of the results

That study was cross-sectional, so differences in education and social background could account for part of the results とあるので D。