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原田英語の時事英語ジュニア|英語ニュース ワークシート(高校生レベル)

Class ____ No. ____ Name ____________________

タコはどうやって小さな穴をすり抜ける?決まった3〜4つの手順があった

Octopuses Follow a Step-by-Step Routine to Slip Through Small Gaps

音声・ゲームはこちらから

1Octopuses squeeze through openings smaller than their bodies by following a fixed series of steps, a new study has found. The research was published on November 5 in the Journal of Experimental Biology. The study's lead author was Wenci Xin, a robotics researcher at the National University of Singapore.

2The team filmed seven young octopuses: three common octopuses and four Mayan octopuses. Each animal faced a wall with a hole that was slightly larger or slightly smaller than the distance between its eyes. The researchers used that distance because it gives a good idea of the size of the stiff cartilage around the brain.

3When the hole was larger than that distance, the common octopuses used three steps. They first tested the hole with one or two arms and then threaded a few more arms through. Finally, they used those arms as anchors to pull the rest of the body through.

4When the hole was smaller, the common octopuses split the last step into two. They pulled all of their arms through first. Then they squeezed the head and the main body through. The Mayan octopuses used a similar approach for larger holes but mostly ignored the smaller ones. Michael Kuba, a biologist at the University of Naples Federico II in Italy, said the difference may come from their biology or their habitat.

5Xin said the findings could help engineers design soft robots that change shape to enter hard-to-reach places. Most rescue robots for tight spaces today are long and thin. Many of them look like snakes.

Words 単語

cartilage外名軟骨a strong but bendable part inside the body
fixedB2形決まった、変わらないstaying the same and not changing
slightlyB1副少し、わずかにby a small amount, a little
stiffB2形かたい、曲がりにくいhard and not easy to bend
anchorsB2名いかり、支え(anchor の複数形)heavy things that hold a boat in one place
gapB1名すき間a small empty space between two things
approachB1名やり方、方法a way of doing something
ignoredB1動無視した(ignore の過去形)did not pay attention to something
habitatB1名(生き物の)すみか、生息地the natural home of an animal or plant
engineersA1名技術者、エンジニア(engineer の複数形)people who design machines or buildings

単語のレベル:CEFR-J(『CEFR-J Wordlist Version 1.6』 東京外国語大学投野由紀夫研究室. (URL: https://www.cefr-j.org/download.html より 2026年8月ダウンロード))

1. Reading Quiz 本文の内容に合うものを選ぼう

  1. Why did the researchers use the distance between the eyes?

    A. It shows how fast an octopus can swim.B. It shows how many arms an octopus has.C. It shows the size of the stiff cartilage around the brain.D. It shows how old an octopus is.

  2. How many Mayan octopuses were in the study?

    A. FourB. ThreeC. SevenD. Ten

  3. What did the common octopuses do when the hole was smaller?

    A. They gave up and swam away.B. They used only one arm.C. They pushed their heads through first.D. They split the last step into two.

  4. Who was the lead author of the study?

    A. A zoo worker in AustriaB. A doctor in the United StatesC. A robotics researcher in SingaporeD. A teacher in Brazil

  5. What shape are most rescue robots for tight spaces today?

    A. Round, like a ballB. Flat, like a plateC. Long and thin, like snakesD. Tall, like people

2. True or False 正しければ T、違っていれば F

  1. (     ) The lead author of the study works at the National University of Singapore.

  2. (     ) The common octopuses first pushed their heads through the hole.

  3. (     ) The Mayan octopuses mostly ignored the smaller holes.

  4. (     ) The study was published in October.

3. Fill in the Blanks 下の語から選んで空らんをうめよう(形を変えずに)

habitatapproachcartilageanchorsfixedslightly

  1. Each animal faced a wall with a hole that was _____ larger or slightly smaller than the distance between its eyes.

  2. The Mayan octopuses used a similar _____ for larger holes but mostly ignored the smaller ones.

  3. Michael Kuba, a biologist at the University of Naples Federico II in Italy, said the difference may come from their biology or their _____.

  4. Finally, they used those arms as _____ to pull the rest of the body through.

  5. The researchers used that distance because it gives a good idea of the size of the stiff _____ around the brain.

  6. Octopuses squeeze through openings smaller than their bodies by following a _____ series of steps, a new study has found.

4. Word Order 語を並べかえて正しい文にしよう

  1. ( arms / their / first / They / pulled / through / all / of ) .

  2. ( Many / of / snakes / look / like / them ) .

  3. ( thin / Most / robots / are / long / for / spaces / today / rescue / and / tight ) .

5. Think and Write 英語で答えてみよう

  1. Robots are often designed by copying animals. What are the good points and bad points of this idea?(ロボットは動物をまねて作られることがよくあります。この考え方のよい点と悪い点は何?)

  2. If you could give a robot one ability from an animal, what would you choose and why?(動物の力を1つロボットにあげられるとしたら、何を選ぶ?それはなぜ?)

Answers 解答

1. (1) C (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) C

2. (1) T (2) F (3) T (4) F

3. (1) slightly (2) approach (3) habitat (4) anchors (5) cartilage (6) fixed

4.

  1. They pulled all of their arms through first.
  2. Many of them look like snakes.
  3. Most rescue robots for tight spaces today are long and thin.

全文訳

1タコは、自分の体より小さなすき間を、決まった一連の手順に従ってすり抜けていることが、新しい研究でわかりました。この研究は、11月5日に学術誌 Journal of Experimental Biology に発表されました。論文の筆頭著者(中心になって書いた人)は、シンガポール国立大学でロボットを研究するウェンシー・シン(Wenci Xin)さんです。

2チームは、マダコ3匹とマヤダコ4匹の、合わせて7匹の若いタコを撮影しました。それぞれのタコの前にはかべがあり、両目のあいだの長さより少し大きいか少し小さい穴があいていました。研究者がこの長さを使ったのは、脳のまわりのかたい軟骨の大きさの目安になるからです。

3穴がその長さより大きいとき、マダコは3つの手順を使いました。まず腕を1〜2本入れて穴を確かめ、次にさらに何本かの腕を通しました。最後に、その腕をいかりのように固定して、残りの体を引っぱり通しました。

4穴が小さいとき、マダコは最後の手順を2つに分けました。先に腕を全部通したのです。それから、頭と胴体を押しこんで通しました。マヤダコは、大きい穴では似たやり方を使いましたが、小さい穴はほとんど相手にしませんでした。イタリアのナポリ・フェデリコ2世大学の生物学者マイケル・クバ(Michael Kuba)さんは、このちがいは体のしくみか、すむ場所から来ているのかもしれないと話しました。

5シンさんは、この発見が、形を変えて入りにくい場所に入れるやわらかいロボットの設計に役立つかもしれないと話しました。今あるせまい場所用の救助ロボットの多くは、細長い形をしています。その多くはヘビのような見た目です。

文法ポイント:比較級+than(~より…だ)

形容詞の比較級(-er や more ~)+ than で「~より…だ」とくらべる。本文の openings smaller than their bodies(体より小さなすき間)や When the hole was larger than that distance(穴がその長さより大きいとき)がその例。

出典:Science News、Smithsonian Magazine ほか(記事は原田英語の時事英語ジュニアのオリジナル)|https://www.haradaeigo.com/jijieigo-junior/news/2026-11-15-octopus-squeeze-hole-steps/