原田英語の時事英語ジュニア|英語ニュース ワークシート(高校生レベル)
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スイングバイとは?NASAの双子の火星探査機、約1年待って地球の重力で火星へ
NASA's ESCAPADE Twins Use Earth to Slingshot Toward Mars
1NASA's twin ESCAPADE spacecraft have completed powered flybys of Earth and are now on their way to Mars. The first spacecraft swept past Earth on November 7, and its twin followed on November 9. During each flyby, Earth's gravity pulled on the spacecraft while it made an engine burn of about nine minutes. NASA said it was the first time the agency had sent a spacecraft toward Mars with a powered flyby of Earth.
2The route was unusual because of timing. Mars missions normally launch when Earth and Mars line up, which happens only about every 26 months. ESCAPADE, however, lifted off from Florida on November 13, 2025, when Earth and Mars sat opposite each other, with the sun between them. Rather than flying directly to Mars, the spacecraft spent about a year looping around a point in space roughly 1.6 million kilometers from Earth.
3When they returned this month, the first passed about 1,600 kilometers above Earth and the second came within about 1,050 kilometers. The mission's lead scientist, Rob Lillis of the University of California, Berkeley, said both burns were carried out perfectly. The company Advanced Space, which designed the path, said that with this method, a mission can lift off at nearly any time and still use Earth's gravity as a boost toward Mars.
4The twins, built by the company Rocket Lab, are scheduled to reach Mars on September 7 and 9, 2027. Then each will fire its engine again to enter orbit around Mars. Each burn is planned to last about 11 minutes. NASA expects the science work to start in June 2028.
5At Mars, the pair will first fly one behind the other in the same orbit and later move into different orbits. Their goal is to study how the solar wind, a flow of particles coming from the sun, acts on Mars and makes the planet lose some of its atmosphere.
Words 単語
| twinB1 | 形 | 双子の、対になったbeing one of two things that are the same |
| completedA2 | 動 | 終えた、やりとげたfinished doing something |
| unusualA2 | 形 | ふつうでない、めずらしいdifferent from what often happens |
| oppositeA2 | 形 | 反対のon the other side, facing each other |
| roughlyA2 | 副 | およそ、だいたいnot exactly, but close to a number |
| boostB2 | 名 | 後押し、加速something that helps make a thing go up or faster |
| scheduledB2 | 形 | 予定されているplanned to happen at a certain time |
| orbitB1 | 名 | 軌道the path of a thing going around a planet |
| particlesB2 | 名 | 粒子、とても小さなつぶvery small pieces of something |
| atmosphereB1 | 名 | 大気the air around a planet |
単語のレベル:CEFR-J(『CEFR-J Wordlist Version 1.6』 東京外国語大学投野由紀夫研究室. (URL: https://www.cefr-j.org/download.html より 2026年8月ダウンロード))
1. Reading Quiz 本文の内容に合うものを選ぼう
When did the second spacecraft pass Earth?
A. On November 7B. On November 13C. On November 9D. On September 7
Why did ESCAPADE loop around a point in space for about a year?
A. Earth and Mars were on opposite sides of the sun when it launched.B. Its engines needed to be fixed by astronauts.C. It was studying the solar wind near Earth for NASA.D. Mars missions must always wait one year after launch.
How close did the second spacecraft come to Earth?
A. About 1.6 million kilometersB. About 1,600 kilometersC. About 11 kilometersD. About 1,050 kilometers
According to Advanced Space, what is the advantage of the method?
A. It needs no engine at all.B. A mission can lift off at nearly any time.C. It reaches Mars in two days.D. It lets astronauts ride along.
When is science work at Mars expected to begin?
A. In September 2027B. In November 2026C. In June 2028D. In November 2025
2. True or False 正しければ T、違っていれば F
( ) Mars missions normally launch about every 26 months.
( ) ESCAPADE flew straight to Mars after it was launched.
( ) Rob Lillis said there were problems with both burns.
( ) The two spacecraft will move into different orbits at Mars later.
3. Fill in the Blanks 下の語から選んで空らんをうめよう(形を変えずに)
boostscheduledtwinroughlyunusualopposite
NASA's _____ ESCAPADE spacecraft have completed powered flybys of Earth and are now on their way to Mars.
Rather than flying directly to Mars, the spacecraft spent about a year looping around a point in space _____ 1.6 million kilometers from Earth.
ESCAPADE, however, lifted off from Florida on November 13, 2025, when Earth and Mars sat _____ each other, with the sun between them.
The twins, built by the company Rocket Lab, are _____ to reach Mars on September 7 and 9, 2027.
The route was _____ because of timing.
The company Advanced Space, which designed the path, said that with this method, a mission can lift off at nearly any time and still use Earth's gravity as a _____ toward Mars.
4. Word Order 語を並べかえて正しい文にしよう
( route / of / The / because / unusual / was / timing ) .
( last / Each / planned / minutes / 11 / is / about / burn / to ) .
( work / in / science / June / to / NASA / 2028 / expects / start / the ) .
5. Think and Write 英語で答えてみよう
Do you think it is better to wait for the perfect time or to start now and find another way? Give an example from your life.(完ぺきな時期を待つのと、いま始めて別の方法を見つけるのとでは、どちらがいいと思いますか?自分の生活の例をあげて答えよう。)
Why do you think scientists want to know how Mars lost its atmosphere?(科学者が、火星がどうやって大気を失ったのかを知りたいのはなぜだと思いますか?)
Answers 解答
1. (1) C (2) A (3) D (4) B (5) C
2. (1) T (2) F (3) F (4) T
3. (1) twin (2) roughly (3) opposite (4) scheduled (5) unusual (6) boost
4.
- The route was unusual because of timing.
- Each burn is planned to last about 11 minutes.
- NASA expects the science work to start in June 2028.
全文訳
1NASAの双子の探査機ESCAPADEが、地球のそばを通りながら加速する「パワード・フライバイ」を終え、いま火星へ向かっています。1機目が11月7日に地球のそばをかすめ、双子のもう1機が11月9日に続きました。どちらのフライバイでも、地球の重力が探査機を引っぱるあいだに、探査機はエンジンを約9分間ふかしました。NASAは、地球でのパワード・フライバイを使って探査機を火星へ向かわせたのは、NASAとして初めてだと述べました。
2この道のりが変わっていたのは、タイミングのせいです。火星へのミッションは、ふつう地球と火星が並ぶときに打ち上げますが、それは約26か月に1回しか来ません。ところがESCAPADEがフロリダから飛び立ったのは2025年11月13日。2つの惑星は太陽をはさんで反対側にありました。探査機はまっすぐ火星へ向かうのではなく、地球から約160万キロはなれた宇宙のある場所のまわりを、約1年回り続けました。
3今月もどってきたとき、1機目は地球から約1,600キロ、2機目は約1,050キロの高さを通りました。ミッションの代表の科学者で、カリフォルニア大学バークレー校のロブ・リリスさんは、2回の噴射はどちらも完ぺきだったと話しました。道のりを設計した会社アドバンスト・スペースは、この方法なら、ミッションはほぼいつでも打ち上げられ、それでも地球の重力で火星へ向けて加速できると説明しました。
4ロケットラボ社が作った双子の探査機は、2027年9月7日と9日に火星に着く予定です。そのあと、火星を回る軌道に入るため、どちらももう一度エンジンをふかします。ふかす時間は、どちらも約11分間の予定です。NASAは、観測の仕事が2028年6月に始まると見こんでいます。
5火星では、2機はまず同じ軌道で前後にならんで飛び、そのあと別々の軌道に移ります。目的は、太陽から吹き出すつぶの流れ「太陽風」が火星にどうはたらき、火星の大気の一部をどう失わせているのかを調べることです。
文法ポイント:過去分詞の後置修飾(名詞 + 過去分詞 + 語句)
過去分詞のかたまりが後ろから名詞を説明し、「〜された…」を表す。本文の The twins, built by the company Rocket Lab, are scheduled to …(ロケットラボ社によって作られた双子の探査機は…)がその例。
出典:NASA、SpaceNews、NASA、NASA ほか(記事は原田英語の時事英語ジュニアのオリジナル)|https://www.haradaeigo.com/jijieigo-junior/news/2026-11-11-escapade-earth-flyby-mars/