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原田英語の時事英語ジュニア|英語ニュース ワークシート(高校生レベル)

Class ____ No. ____ Name ____________________

眠れない、でも実は寝てる?性格と睡眠時間の関係、アメリカの大学生134人で調査

Feeling Short on Sleep May Say More About Personality

音声・ゲームはこちらから

1College students who easily feel negative emotions say they sleep less, but devices on their wrists do not back that up, a US study suggests. Derick M. DeCamp and Elizabeth J. Pantesco of Villanova University in Pennsylvania published the study in the journal Personality and Individual Differences.

2Psychologists call the trait neuroticism, and people high in it are more likely to feel negative emotions. The participants were 134 undergraduates, none of whom had been diagnosed with a sleep disorder. PsyPost reported that they were 19 on average and that 95 of them were women. Each wore an actigraph, a wrist device that judges sleep by tracking movement, for five nights, two of which fell on a weekend. They also answered survey questions about personality and sleep habits, plus anxiety and depression symptoms.

3The students also gave two estimates of how long they had usually slept in the past month. One was a direct guess, and the other was worked out from bedtime, wake-up time and how long they needed to fall asleep. Both estimates were shorter for students with higher neuroticism scores. Every extra point out of five went along with about 15 to 20 minutes less sleep in the students' answers. The actigraph data, however, showed no link with neuroticism.

4On average, the students gave 6.74 hours when asked directly, while the actigraphs logged 6.70 hours. The figure based on bedtimes and wake-up times was 7.40 hours, about 40 minutes more than the devices' figure. The researchers suggested that neuroticism may shape how people sense and remember their sleep more than how long they actually sleep. They did not directly test this idea.

5Time spent lying awake in bed can look like sleep to an actigraph. The devices tracked only five nights, while the questions covered a whole month. All the participants attended one private university, and most were women. The students may also have slept differently because they knew the devices were tracking them.

Words 単語

traitB2名(性格の)特徴、特性a part of what a person is like
participantsB1名参加者(participant の複数形)people who take part in something
diagnosed外動診断された(diagnose の過去分詞)told by a doctor what illness you have
surveyA1名調査、アンケートa set of questions asked to many people
symptomsB1名症状(symptom の複数形)signs in your body or mind that something is wrong
anxietyB1名不安、心配a strong feeling of worry
estimatesB1名見積もり、推定(estimate の複数形)guesses of a number, not exact counts
neuroticism外名神経症傾向(いやな気持ちを感じやすい性格の特徴)a personality trait of feeling bad emotions easily
trackingA2動記録している、追っている(track の ing 形)following and writing down what happens
figureA2名数字、数値a number that shows an amount

単語のレベル:CEFR-J(『CEFR-J Wordlist Version 1.6』 東京外国語大学投野由紀夫研究室. (URL: https://www.cefr-j.org/download.html より 2026年8月ダウンロード))

1. Reading Quiz 本文の内容に合うものを選ぼう

  1. What is an actigraph?

    A. A sleep medicineB. A wrist device that judges sleep by tracking movementC. A questionnaire about personalityD. A type of bed

  2. How did the students estimate their usual sleep?

    A. Only by asking their parentsB. By counting their dreamsC. With a direct guess and a calculation from bedtime and wake-up timeD. By reading a sleep diary from last year

  3. About how much less sleep did students report for each one-point rise in neuroticism?

    A. Roughly 15 to 20 minutesB. About two hoursC. Exactly one hourD. Less than one minute

  4. Which sleep figure was the highest?

    A. The direct guessB. The actigraph figureC. They were all the same.D. The figure based on bedtimes and wake-up times

  5. Why might an actigraph count some time as sleep by mistake?

    A. It cannot work on weekends.B. Lying awake in bed can look like sleep to it.C. It only works for women.D. It needs a phone to work.

2. True or False 正しければ T、違っていれば F

  1. (     ) None of the participants had been diagnosed with a sleep disorder.

  2. (     ) The actigraph data showed that people high in neuroticism slept less.

  3. (     ) The researchers directly tested whether neuroticism changes how people remember sleep.

  4. (     ) The devices tracked fewer nights than the questions covered.

3. Fill in the Blanks 下の語から選んで空らんをうめよう(形を変えずに)

trackingestimatestraitsurveyneuroticismparticipants

  1. Psychologists call the _____ neuroticism, and people high in it are more likely to feel negative emotions.

  2. The students also gave two _____ of how long they had usually slept in the past month.

  3. The _____ were 134 undergraduates, none of whom had been diagnosed with a sleep disorder.

  4. They also answered _____ questions about personality and sleep habits, plus anxiety and depression symptoms.

  5. Each wore an actigraph, a wrist device that judges sleep by _____ movement, for five nights, two of which fell on a weekend.

  6. Both estimates were shorter for students with higher _____ scores.

4. Word Order 語を並べかえて正しい文にしよう

  1. ( students / with / for / estimates / shorter / higher / Both / scores / neuroticism / were ) .

  2. ( this / did / test / not / idea / directly / They ) .

  3. ( showed / actigraph / link / data, / with / neuroticism / however, / The / no ) .

5. Think and Write 英語で答えてみよう

  1. Some students check sleep apps every morning. Do you think tracking your sleep is helpful, or could it make you worry more? Explain your opinion.(毎朝、睡眠アプリを確かめる生徒もいます。睡眠を記録するのは役に立つと思いますか、それともかえって心配がふえると思いますか。意見を説明しよう。)

  2. Before a big test, have you ever felt that you hardly slept? Why do you think people feel that way?(大事なテストの前に「ほとんど眠れなかった」と感じたことはありますか。人はなぜそう感じるのだと思いますか。)

Answers 解答

1. (1) B (2) C (3) A (4) D (5) B

2. (1) T (2) F (3) F (4) T

3. (1) trait (2) estimates (3) participants (4) survey (5) tracking (6) neuroticism

4.

  1. Both estimates were shorter for students with higher neuroticism scores.
  2. They did not directly test this idea.
  3. The actigraph data, however, showed no link with neuroticism.

全文訳

1いやな気持ちを感じやすい大学生は「睡眠が短い」と答えるが、手首の機械はそれを裏づけない、という研究結果がアメリカで出ました。ペンシルベニア州のビラノバ大学のデリック・M・デキャンプさんとエリザベス・J・パンテスコさんが、学術誌『パーソナリティ・アンド・インディビジュアル・ディファレンシズ』にこの研究を発表しました。

2心理学者はこの性格の特徴を「神経症傾向」とよび、これが高い人ほど、いやな気持ちを感じやすくなります。参加したのは大学生134人で、だれも睡眠の病気と診断されたことはありませんでした。サイコポストによると、学生の平均年齢は19歳で、そのうち95人が女性でした。学生は一人ひとり、体の動きをとらえて睡眠を判断する手首の機械「アクチグラフ」を5晩つけました。そのうち2晩は週末でした。性格や睡眠の習慣、不安やうつの症状についてのアンケートにも答えました。

3学生たちは、この1か月にふだん何時間眠っていたかを、2つの方法で見積もりました。1つは時間を直接答える方法、もう1つは寝る時刻・起きる時刻・寝つくまでの時間から計算する方法です。神経症傾向の点数が高い学生ほど、どちらの見積もりでも睡眠時間が短くなっていました。5段階の点数が1点上がるごとに、学生が答えた睡眠時間はおよそ15〜20分短くなっていました。ところが、アクチグラフのデータでは、神経症傾向との関係は見られませんでした。

4平均すると、学生が直接答えた睡眠時間は6.74時間、アクチグラフが記録したのは6.70時間でした。寝る時刻と起きる時刻から計算した数字は7.40時間で、機械より約40分長くなりました。研究者たちは、神経症傾向は、実際に眠る時間の長さよりも、睡眠の感じ方や思い出し方を左右するのかもしれないと考えています。ただし、この考えを直接確かめたわけではありません。

5ベッドで目を覚ましたまま横になっている時間は、アクチグラフには眠っているように見えることがあります。機械が記録したのは5晩だけなのに、質問は1か月全体についてでした。参加者は全員1つの私立大学の学生で、ほとんどが女性でした。また、学生は機械に記録されているとわかっていたので、ふだんとはちがう眠り方をした可能性もあります。

文法ポイント:関係代名詞の非制限用法(none of whom / two of which)

〈, 数や量を表す語 + of + whom / which〉で、前の名詞に「そのうちの~は」と説明を足す。本文の 134 undergraduates, none of whom had been diagnosed は「134人の大学生で、そのうちのだれも診断されていなかった」、five nights, two of which fell on a weekend は「5晩で、そのうちの2晩は週末だった」。人には whom、モノには which を使う。コンマを忘れないこと。

出典:PsyPost、Personality and Individual Differences(Elsevier。OpenAlex の論文要旨) ほか(記事は原田英語の時事英語ジュニアのオリジナル)|https://www.haradaeigo.com/jijieigo-junior/news/2026-11-08-worriers-underestimate-sleep/