2026年10月15日(木)マイページ
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原田英語の時事英語ジュニア|英語ニュース ワークシート(高校生レベル)

Class ____ No. ____ Name ____________________

ノーベル化学賞に硤合憲三さん!生命のナゾにせまる「硤合反応」とは

Soai Shares Nobel Chemistry Prize for Work on the Origins of Life

音声・ゲームはこちらから

1Kenso Soai, a professor emeritus at Tokyo University of Science, has been awarded the 2026 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the prize on October 7. Soai shares the award with Henri Kagan, another chemist.

2Many molecules can exist in two forms that are mirror images of each other, much like a left hand and a right hand. This property is called chirality. In living things, however, molecules such as amino acids appear mostly in just one of the two forms. Why this happens is one of the mysteries about the origins of life.

3At Tokyo University of Science, Soai discovered the first example of asymmetric autocatalysis. In this reaction, the product itself acts as a catalyst, speeding up the production of more molecules of the same form. Known as the Soai reaction, it showed a way to reproduce in the lab how one form could come to dominate. NHK reported that the reaction is also important for research into whether the building blocks of life came to Earth from space.

4Soai was born in Hiroshima Prefecture in 1950 and studied at the University of Tokyo. He later worked as a researcher at the University of North Carolina in the United States before becoming a professor at Tokyo University of Science. At a press conference on the day of the announcement, he said he was very happy to share the prize with Kagan. He thanked his students and said he hoped the award would draw more people into organic chemistry.

Words 単語

awardedA2動(賞を)与えられたgiven a prize for doing something well
announcedB1動発表したtold the public about something officially
chirality外名キラリティー(鏡像の関係にある性質)the quality of having a left form and a right form
amino acidsB2名アミノ酸small molecules that join together to make proteins
originsB1名起源、始まりthe place or way that something began
catalystB2名触媒something that makes a chemical change happen faster
reproduceB1動再現するto make something happen again in the same way
dominateB2動優勢になる、大部分を占めるto become the biggest or strongest part
building blocksA1名もととなるもの、構成要素the basic parts that something is made from
organic chemistryB1名有機化学the study of chemicals that contain carbon

単語のレベル:CEFR-J(『CEFR-J Wordlist Version 1.6』 東京外国語大学投野由紀夫研究室. (URL: https://www.cefr-j.org/download.html より 2026年8月ダウンロード))

1. Reading Quiz 本文の内容に合うものを選ぼう

  1. Who announced the prize?

    A. Tokyo University of ScienceB. NHKC. The Royal Swedish Academy of SciencesD. The University of North Carolina

  2. What is chirality?

    A. Being able to exist in two mirror-image formsB. Being very smallC. Changing color in lightD. Moving very fast

  3. In the Soai reaction, what acts as a catalyst?

    A. Light from the SunB. WaterC. A metalD. The product itself

  4. Where did Soai work as a researcher in the United States?

    A. The University of TokyoB. The University of North CarolinaC. A company in New YorkD. NASA

  5. What did Soai hope the award would do?

    A. Draw more people into organic chemistryB. Make him famous in SwedenC. Help him build a new lab in spaceD. End his research

2. True or False 正しければ T、違っていれば F

  1. (     ) Soai shares the Nobel Prize with Henri Kagan.

  2. (     ) In living things, amino acids appear equally in both forms.

  3. (     ) Soai's discovery was the first example of asymmetric autocatalysis.

  4. (     ) Soai studied at Tokyo University of Science as a student.

3. Fill in the Blanks 下の語から選んで空らんをうめよう(形を変えずに)

reproduceawardedannouncedcatalystchiralityorigins

  1. Kenso Soai, a professor emeritus at Tokyo University of Science, has been _____ the 2026 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

  2. This property is called _____.

  3. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences _____ the prize on October 7.

  4. Known as the Soai reaction, it showed a way to _____ in the lab how one form could come to dominate.

  5. In this reaction, the product itself acts as a _____, speeding up the production of more molecules of the same form.

  6. Why this happens is one of the mysteries about the _____ of life.

4. Word Order 語を並べかえて正しい文にしよう

  1. ( chirality / called / is / This / property ) .

  2. ( Royal / October / The / Swedish / on / of / Academy / prize / the / announced / 7 / Sciences ) .

  3. ( another / the / shares / Soai / award / with / Kagan, / chemist / Henri ) .

5. Think and Write 英語で答えてみよう

  1. Basic research can take many years to be recognized. Do you think governments should spend more money on it? Why?(基礎研究は認められるまでに長い年月がかかることがあります。国はもっとお金を出すべきだと思いますか。それはなぜですか。)

  2. Do you think the building blocks of life could have come from space? Explain your idea.(生命のもととなる物質は宇宙から来たと思いますか。あなたの考えを説明しましょう。)

Answers 解答

1. (1) C (2) A (3) D (4) B (5) A

2. (1) T (2) F (3) T (4) F

3. (1) awarded (2) chirality (3) announced (4) reproduce (5) catalyst (6) origins

4.

  1. This property is called chirality.
  2. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the prize on October 7.
  3. Soai shares the award with Henri Kagan, another chemist.

全文訳

1東京理科大学名誉教授の硤合憲三さんが、2026年のノーベル化学賞に選ばれました。スウェーデン王立科学アカデミーが10月7日に発表しました。硤合さんは、化学者のアンリ・カガンさんと賞を分け合います。

2多くの分子は、左手と右手のように、互いを鏡に映した2つの形をとることができます。この性質は「キラリティー」と呼ばれます。ところが生き物の中では、アミノ酸などの分子が、ほとんど2つの形のうちの片方だけになっています。なぜそうなっているのかは、生命の起源をめぐるナゾの1つです。

3硤合さんは東京理科大学で、「不斉自己触媒反応」の最初の例を発見しました。この反応では、できた物質そのものが触媒としてはたらき、同じ形の分子がさらに作られるのを速めます。「硤合反応」として知られるこの反応は、片方の形が優勢になっていく流れを実験室で再現する方法を示しました。NHKによると、この反応は、生命のもととなる物質が宇宙から地球にもたらされた可能性を考える研究にとっても重要だということです。

4硤合さんは1950年に広島県で生まれ、東京大学で学びました。その後、アメリカのノースカロライナ大学で研究員として働き、東京理科大学の教授になりました。発表当日の記者会見で、硤合さんはカガンさんと賞を分け合えてとてもうれしいと話しました。そして学生たちに感謝し、この受賞をきっかけに有機化学の道に進む人が増えてほしいと語りました。

文法ポイント:過去分詞で始まる分詞構文(Known as ~)

過去分詞で文を始めると「~として知られている(それは)」のように、主語に説明を足せる。本文の Known as the Soai reaction, it showed a way ... は「硤合反応として知られるそれは~を示した」という意味。

出典:Tokyo University of Science、NHK、NHK ほか(記事は原田英語の時事英語ジュニアのオリジナル)|https://www.haradaeigo.com/jijieigo-junior/news/2026-10-07-soai-nobel-prize-chemistry/