原田英語の時事英語ジュニア|英語ニュース ワークシート(高校生レベル)
Class ____ No. ____ Name ____________________
iPS細胞のパーキンソン病治療を国が承認 京都大学の研究から世界初の実用化へ
World's First iPS Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Gets the Green Light
1Japan's health ministry has approved a Parkinson's disease treatment made from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Sumitomo Pharma said on March 6, 2026, that it had received approval to make and sell the treatment, called Amchepry. The ministry also approved heart muscle sheets made from iPS cells for patients with severe heart failure. The two will be among the world's first medical products made from iPS cells to be sold.
2Parkinson's disease gradually destroys brain cells that produce dopamine, a chemical messenger the body needs to control movement. As these cells are lost, patients find it harder to move their bodies as they want. About 10 million people worldwide live with the disease, the Parkinson's Foundation says.
3iPS cells are adult cells that have been reprogrammed so that they can develop into almost any type of cell. Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University first created iPS cells in 2006 and later won a Nobel Prize for the work. For Amchepry, cells from healthy donors are reprogrammed and then guided to become dopamine-producing cells. Surgeons implant these cells into the areas of the brain where dopamine cells have been lost.
4The approval is based on a clinical trial at Kyoto University Hospital. Seven patients aged 50 to 69 each received either 5 million or 10 million cells, which were implanted on both sides of the brain. A team including Jun Takahashi of Kyoto University published the results in the journal Nature in April 2025. Over two years, the doctors found no major safety problems, and four of the seven patients showed improvement.
5Because the trial was so small, the approval is conditional and limited in time. Sumitomo Pharma must carry out more studies after sales begin to confirm that the treatment is safe and effective. The treatment is available only in Japan. Reports said it could reach patients as early as summer 2026.
Words 単語
| induced外 | 形 | 人工的に引き起こされた、誘導されたcaused to happen by people, not by nature |
| graduallyA2 | 副 | 少しずつ、だんだんとslowly, a little at a time |
| messengerB2 | 名 | 伝達するもの、使者something that carries a message from one place to another |
| reprogrammed外 | 動 | 初期化された、プログラムし直されたchanged back so that it can work in a new way |
| donors外 | 名 | 提供者、ドナー(donor の複数形)people who give something, like blood or cells |
| implant外 | 動 | (体内に)移植する、埋めこむto put something inside the body by surgery |
| clinical trialB2 | 名 | 臨床試験、治験a test of a new medicine on real patients |
| improvementB1 | 名 | 改善、よくなることa change that makes something better |
| conditional外 | 形 | 条件つきのallowed only if certain rules are followed |
| effectiveB1 | 形 | 効果のあるworking well and giving the result you want |
単語のレベル:CEFR-J(『CEFR-J Wordlist Version 1.6』 東京外国語大学投野由紀夫研究室. (URL: https://www.cefr-j.org/download.html より 2026年8月ダウンロード))
1. Reading Quiz 本文の内容に合うものを選ぼう
What is the name of the new Parkinson's treatment?
A. ReHeartB. AmchepryC. DopamineD. Nobel
What else did the ministry approve?
A. Heart muscle sheets made from iPS cellsB. A new vaccineC. A robot surgeonD. Eye drops
Who first created iPS cells?
A. Jun TakahashiB. Sumitomo PharmaC. Shinya YamanakaD. The Parkinson's Foundation
How many patients in the trial showed improvement?
A. All sevenB. NoneC. TwoD. Four
Why is the approval conditional?
A. The trial was very small.B. The cells were too expensive.C. The patients lived abroad.D. The company asked for it.
2. True or False 正しければ T、違っていれば F
( ) The cells for Amchepry come from healthy donors.
( ) The patients in the trial were all under 30.
( ) The doctors found major safety problems during the trial.
( ) The treatment is available only in Japan.
3. Fill in the Blanks 下の語から選んで空らんをうめよう(形を変えずに)
donorsreprogrammedgraduallyinducedimprovementimplant
Japan's health ministry has approved a Parkinson's disease treatment made from _____ pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Surgeons _____ these cells into the areas of the brain where dopamine cells have been lost.
Over two years, the doctors found no major safety problems, and four of the seven patients showed _____.
Parkinson's disease _____ destroys brain cells that produce dopamine, a chemical messenger the body needs to control movement.
iPS cells are adult cells that have been _____ so that they can develop into almost any type of cell.
For Amchepry, cells from healthy _____ are reprogrammed and then guided to become dopamine-producing cells.
4. Word Order 語を並べかえて正しい文にしよう
( in / treatment / only / is / The / available / Japan ) .
( Kyoto / at / clinical / approval / The / based / trial / Hospital / a / on / University / is ) .
( 2026 / Reports / as / as / patients / early / said / it / reach / summer / could ) .
5. Think and Write 英語で答えてみよう
Should new treatments be approved quickly after small trials, or only after large ones? Give your reasons.(新しい治療は、小さな試験のあとすぐに承認すべきだと思いますか?それとも大きな試験のあとだけにすべきですか?理由も答えよう。)
What other diseases do you hope iPS cells can help treat in the future?(将来iPS細胞で治せるようになってほしい病気には、ほかに何がありますか?)

Answers 解答
1. (1) B (2) A (3) C (4) D (5) A
2. (1) T (2) F (3) F (4) T
3. (1) induced (2) implant (3) improvement (4) gradually (5) reprogrammed (6) donors
4.
- The treatment is available only in Japan.
- The approval is based on a clinical trial at Kyoto University Hospital.
- Reports said it could reach patients as early as summer 2026.
全文訳
1日本の厚生労働省は、人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)から作ったパーキンソン病の治療を承認しました。住友ファーマは2026年3月6日、「アムシェプリ」という名前のこの治療の製造と販売の承認を受けたと発表しました。厚生労働省は同時に、重い心不全の患者に向けた、iPS細胞から作る心筋シートも承認しました。この2つは、iPS細胞から作られ販売される世界で最初の医療製品の1つとなります。
2パーキンソン病は、体の動きをコントロールするのに必要な情報伝達物質ドーパミンを作る脳の細胞を、少しずつこわしていきます。これらの細胞が失われるにつれて、患者は体を思いどおりに動かしにくくなります。パーキンソン病財団によると、世界でおよそ1000万人がこの病気とともに暮らしています。
3iPS細胞は、大人の細胞を「初期化」して、ほぼどんな種類の細胞にもなれるようにしたものです。京都大学の山中伸弥教授が2006年に初めてiPS細胞を作り、のちにこの研究でノーベル賞を受賞しました。アムシェプリでは、健康な提供者の細胞を初期化したあと、ドーパミンを作る細胞になるよう導きます。外科医が、ドーパミンの細胞が失われた脳の部分にこの細胞を移植します。
4承認は、京都大学病院で行われた臨床試験(治験)の結果にもとづいています。50〜69歳の7人の患者が、それぞれ500万個か1000万個の細胞を、脳の左右両側に移植されました。京都大学の高橋淳教授らのチームが、2025年4月に学術誌「ネイチャー」でこの結果を発表しました。2年間で安全面の大きな問題は見つからず、7人のうち4人で症状の改善が見られました。
5試験の規模がとても小さかったため、承認は条件つき・期限つきとなっています。住友ファーマは販売開始後もさらに研究を行い、治療が安全で効果があることを確かめなければなりません。この治療を受けられるのは日本国内だけです。報道によると、早ければ2026年夏に患者に届く可能性があります。
文法ポイント:現在完了形の受け身(have been + 過去分詞)
「(すでに)~されている」を表す。本文の adult cells that have been reprogrammed や where dopamine cells have been lost がその例。
出典:AFP (The Standard)、American Parkinson Disease Association、CiRA, Kyoto University ほか(記事は原田英語の時事英語ジュニアのオリジナル)|https://www.haradaeigo.com/jijieigo-junior/news/2026-03-06-ips-cells-parkinsons-approval/