まずはこの3つ
- too ～ to ⇔ so ～ that can't は目的語が復活
- seem / be said to の時のずれは to have p.p.
- 仮定法は「事実の否定 ⇔ 仮定の肯定」で裏返す
書き換えの解き方4
- 1元の文の意味をつかむ日本語で意味を確認し、否定・時制・主語をメモする。
- 2空所から型を決める空所の数と、すでに書かれている語（that / to / Without など）から、どの型の書き換えかを決める。
- 3ずれを調整する時制のずれ（to have p.p.）、主語の入れ替え、目的語の復活、否定の出し入れを直す。
- 4意味が同じか確認完成した文を読み、元の文と否定・時制・数が同じか確かめる。
1構文の書き換え12
- too ～ to do ⇔ so ～ that S can't★★★あまりに〜で…できないthat 節では目的語 it が復活するThis box is too heavy for me to carry. = This box is so heavy that I can't carry it.
- ～ enough to do ⇔ so ～ that S can★★★〜できるほど…enough は形容詞の後ろShe is old enough to travel alone. = She is so old that she can travel alone.
- so that S can ⇔ in order to do★★★〜するために主語が同じ時だけ不定詞にできるI got up early so that I could catch the first train. = I got up early in order to catch the first train.
- It seems that S V ⇔ S seem to do★★★〜のようだthat 節が過去なら seem to have p.p.It seems that he is ill. = He seems to be ill.
- It is said that S V ⇔ S is said to do★★★〜と言われている時のずれは to have p.p.It is said that he was a great singer. = He is said to have been a great singer.
- It is kind of 人 to do ⇔ 人 is kind to do★★★〜するとは親切だof を取るのは人の性質を表す形容詞It was kind of you to help me. = You were kind to help me.
- It takes 人 時間 to do ⇔ 人 spend 時間 -ing★★★〜するのに時間がかかるIt took me two hours to clean the room. = I spent two hours cleaning the room.
- It is no use -ing ⇔ There is no point in -ing★★★〜しても無駄だIt is no use worrying about it. = There is no point in worrying about it.
- cannot help -ing ⇔ cannot help but do★★★〜せずにいられないcannot but do は堅い言い方I couldn't help laughing. = I couldn't help but laugh.
- There is no -ing ⇔ It is impossible to do★★★〜することはできないThere is no telling what will happen. = It is impossible to tell what will happen.
- Needless to say ⇔ It goes without saying that★★★言うまでもなくNeedless to say, health is important. = It goes without saying that health is important.
- as soon as ⇔ No sooner had S p.p. than★★★〜するとすぐにHardly had S p.p. when も同じ意味As soon as he arrived, it began to rain. = No sooner had he arrived than it began to rain.
2時制・態8
- 能動態 ⇔ 受動態★★★〜する／〜される時制は元の文に合わせるMany people read this book. = This book is read by many people.
- SVOO ⇔ 2通りの受動態★★★〜に…を与える物が主語なら to（give）/ for（buy）が要るHe gave me a watch. = I was given a watch by him. = A watch was given to me by him.
- make＋O＋原形 ⇔ be made to do★★★〜させられる受動態では to が復活。see / hear も同じThey made him wait. = He was made to wait.
- by 以外の受動態★★★〜で覆われている などbe known to / be made of / be filled withSnow covered the mountain. = The mountain was covered with snow.
- died 期間 ago ⇔ has been dead for 期間★★★〜が死んで…になるdie は一瞬の動作→継続は be deadHe died ten years ago. = He has been dead for ten years. = It has been ten years since he died.
- This is the first time ⇔ have never ～ before★★★〜するのは初めてだThis is the first time I have visited Kyoto. = I have never visited Kyoto before.
- began 期間 ago ⇔ have been -ing for 期間★★★〜前に始めた＝〜の間ずっとしている今も続いている時だけ。継続は現在完了進行形He began to study English three years ago. = He has been studying English for three years.
- 過去形＋今もない ⇔ have p.p.（結果）★★★なくしてしまった（今もない）結果を表す現在完了I lost my key, and I still don't have it. = I have lost my key.
3仮定法8
- If it were not for ⇔ Without / But for★★★もし〜がなければIf it were not for water, we could not live. = Without water, we could not live.
- If it had not been for ⇔ Had it not been for★★★もし〜がなかったらWithout / But for も可If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. = Had it not been for your help, I would have failed.
- As S don't ～ ⇔ If S did ～★★★〜でないので／もし〜なら事実の否定 ⇔ 仮定法の肯定As I don't have enough money, I can't buy it. = If I had enough money, I could buy it.
- I'm sorry that S can't ⇔ I wish S could★★★〜できなくて残念／できたらいいのにI'm sorry that I can't swim. = I wish I could swim.
- If ～ not ⇔ Unless★★★〜しない限り書き換えでは unless の後に not を重ねないIf you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus. = Unless you hurry, you'll miss the bus.
- 命令文, or ～ ⇔ If you don't ～★★★さもないと〜命令文, and ～ は「そうすれば」Hurry up, or you'll be late. = If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.
- If S should ⇔ Should S★★★万一〜ならIf you should need help, call me. = Should you need help, call me.
- It's time S did ⇔ S should do now★★★もう〜する時間だIt's time の後は過去形It's time you went to bed. = You should go to bed now.
4比較8
- 最上級 ⇔ No other ～ is 比較級 than★★★最も〜だMt. Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan. = No other mountain in Japan is higher than Mt. Fuji.
- 最上級 ⇔ 比較級 than any other＋単数★★★他のどの〜より…any other の後は単数名詞Tom is the tallest boy in his class. = Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.
- not as ～ as ⇔ 比較級 than★★★〜ほど…ない主語が入れ替わるMy bag is not as heavy as yours. = Your bag is heavier than mine.
- 倍数 as ～ as ⇔ 倍数 the＋名詞 of★★★〜の…倍This room is twice as large as that one. = This room is twice the size of that one.
- the 比較級, the 比較級 ⇔ As S V 比較級★★★〜すればするほど…The older he grew, the wiser he became. = As he grew older, he became wiser.
- no more than ⇔ only★★★わずか〜not more than は「せいぜい」I have no more than 500 yen. = I have only 500 yen.
- not so much A as B ⇔ B rather than A★★★A というよりむしろ BHe is not so much a teacher as a scholar. = He is a scholar rather than a teacher.
- prefer A to B ⇔ like A better than B★★★B より A が好きprefer の比較は than ではなく toI prefer tea to coffee. = I like tea better than coffee.
5準動詞・節⇔句12
- 接続詞の節 ⇔ 分詞構文★★★〜なので／〜する時Because I was tired, I went to bed early. = Being tired, I went to bed early.
- 時のずれ ⇔ Having p.p.★★★〜したのでAs I had finished my work, I went home. = Having finished my work, I went home.
- that 節 ⇔ of＋動名詞★★★〜ということを動名詞の意味上の主語は所有格か目的格He is proud that his father is a doctor. = He is proud of his father being a doctor.
- that 節 ⇔ to＋不定詞★★★〜すること主語が同じ時だけI hope that I will see you again. = I hope to see you again.
- 疑問詞＋S should ⇔ 疑問詞＋to do★★★何を〜すべきか主節と主語が同じ時だけI don't know what I should do. = I don't know what to do.
- 関係詞節 ⇔ 分詞★★★〜している…The man who is standing by the door is my uncle. = The man standing by the door is my uncle.
- because S V ⇔ because of＋名詞★★★〜のためにThe game was canceled because it rained heavily. = The game was canceled because of the heavy rain.
- although S V ⇔ despite＋名詞★★★〜にもかかわらずin spite of も同じAlthough he was ill, he went to work. = Despite his illness, he went to work.
- remember -ing ⇔ remember that S V(過去)★★★〜したのを覚えているI remember seeing her before. = I remember that I saw her before.
- 無生物主語 ⇔ If＋人主語★★★〜すれば…This medicine will make you feel better. = If you take this medicine, you will feel better.
- prevent A from -ing ⇔ because of ～ couldn't★★★〜のせいで…できないThe snow prevented us from going out. = We couldn't go out because of the snow.
- It is necessary for 人 to do ⇔ 人 need to do★★★〜する必要があるYou are necessary to ～ は誤りIt is necessary for you to see a doctor. = You need to see a doctor.
6否定・助動詞・その他12
- 部分否定 ⇔ some ～ not★★★全部が〜とは限らないNot all the students passed the test. = Some of the students didn't pass the test.
- never ～ without -ing ⇔ whenever S V★★★〜すると必ず…I never see this photo without thinking of my grandmother. = Whenever I see this photo, I think of my grandmother.
- not ～ until ⇔ It was not until ～ that★★★〜して初めて…I didn't know the truth until yesterday. = It was not until yesterday that I knew the truth.
- used to do ⇔ ～ but not now★★★以前は〜した（今はしない）I used to play the piano. = I often played the piano before, but I don't now.
- S is likely to do ⇔ It is likely that S V★★★〜しそうだHe is likely to win. = It is likely that he will win.
- had better ⇔ should★★★〜したほうがよいhad better は強い忠告You had better take an umbrella. = You should take an umbrella.
- Why don't you ～? ⇔ How about -ing?★★★〜したらどう？Why don't you join us? = How about joining us?
- What is S like? ⇔ How is S?★★★〜はどんな様子か天気なら同じ。人だと like は人柄、How は体調What is the weather like in London? = How is the weather in London?
- This is mine ⇔ This belongs to me★★★私のものだbelong は進行形にしないThis bag is mine. = This bag belongs to me.
- so ～ that ⇔ such a ～ that★★★とても〜なので…such a＋形容詞＋名詞の語順The movie was so funny that we laughed a lot. = It was such a funny movie that we laughed a lot.
- be worth -ing ⇔ It is worthwhile to do★★★〜する価値があるworth reading it は誤りThis book is worth reading. = It is worthwhile to read this book.
- must ⇔ I'm sure that★★★〜に違いないHe must be tired. = I'm sure that he is tired.
書き換えで落とす3大ミス
①時のずれを無視する（元が It seems that he was ill. なら He seems to have been ill.）②that 節に戻した時の目的語・主語の書き忘れ（so heavy that I can't carry it）③仮定法で時制を1つ下げ忘れる（As I don't ⇔ If I didn't）。
確認テスト：空所を埋めよ
- 1It seems that she was rich. = She seems rich.
- 2He is too tired to walk. = He is so tired that he walk.
- 3As I am not a bird, I can't fly. = If I a bird, I could fly.
- 4Without your advice, I would have failed. = not been for your advice, I would have failed.
- 5I never meet him without laughing. = I meet him, I laugh.
- 6She is the kindest girl in our class. = She is kinder than girl in our class.
書き換え問題を一覧にまとめ、A4 3枚で印刷できる無料PDFにしました。Web版は赤シート・覚えたチェック・カード・4択テストつき。
