Q1. What is the passage mainly about?

1. AHow to cook a healthy dinner
2. BWhether eating late and sleeping soon makes you fat
3. CWhy people need eight hours of sleep
4. DHow stomach acid helps us eat

冒頭の「食べてすぐ寝ると太る」は本当か、という問いが全体のテーマなので B が正解。

Q2. In the study, how much later were the late meals?

1. AAbout one hour later
2. BAbout two hours later
3. CAbout three hours later
4. DAbout four hours later

本文に about four hours later on others とあるので D。

Q3. In this passage, "burned less energy" means the body ...

1. Aused less energy
2. Bgot very hot
3. Cneeded more water
4. Dslept for a shorter time

burn energy は「エネルギーを燃やす＝消費する」。less がつくので「使うエネルギーが減った」となり A。

Q1. What is the main idea of the passage?

1. AOnly total calories decide body weight.
2. BEating late can affect the body, though total calories matter most.
3. CPeople should never eat dinner after 7 p.m.
4. DThe body clock has nothing to do with eating.

total calories are the main factor, but meal timing seems to matter too が主旨。総カロリーが主役だが時間も関係する、なので B。

Q2. What happened in the study from Iran?

1. AWomen who ate dinner earlier lost more weight.
2. BWomen who ate dinner later lost more weight.
3. CBoth groups lost the same amount of weight.
4. DThe women ate different diets for 12 weeks.

Those who had dinner around 7 p.m. lost more weight とあるので A。食事内容は同じだった点にも注意。

Q3. Why might the body handle food worse at night?

1. ABecause people eat bigger meals at night
2. BBecause of the body clock
3. CBecause people exercise more at night
4. DBecause food has more calories at night

One reason may be our body clock, which makes the body worse at handling food at night とあるので B。

Q1. Which statement best summarizes the author's view?

1. AEating before bed is the main cause of weight gain.
2. BMeal timing has no effect on the body at all.
3. CTotal energy balance matters most, but timing also has some effect.
4. DOnly people with overweight are affected by meal timing.

So eating late does seem to matter. と認めつつ、the overall balance between calories eaten and calories burned is still the bigger factor と述べているので C。

Q2. What was controlled in the crossover study?

1. ASleep, activity and light exposure
2. BOnly the number of calories in snacks
3. CThe participants' gender and age
4. DThe time participants went to bed only

Sleep, physical activity and light exposure were tightly controlled とあるので A。条件をそろえたことで食事時間の影響だけを取り出せた。

Q3. Which is mentioned as a limitation of the evidence?

1. AThe Japanese study used too many participants.
2. BThe late meals contained more calories.
3. CThe volunteers did not sleep during the study.
4. DThe crossover trial did not measure long-term weight change.

the crossover trial had only 16 people and did not follow their weight over months と限界が明示されているので D。B は「まったく同じ食事」に反する。