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原田英語の時事英語ジュニア｜英語ニュース ワークシート（高校生レベル）

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参加賞は英語で？上位3人だけの賞だと「ズルがふえる」と10代の約95％が予想

Teens See the Pros and Cons of Winners-Only Trophies, Study Finds

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1Teenagers expect winners-only awards to make people try harder but also to push them to cheat and take risks, a new study from the United States suggests. The study, published in the journal Developmental Science, compared how children and teens think about awards for everyone and awards for the best.

2Shuai Shao and Gail Heyman studied 87 young people in the southwestern U.S. Shao did the research at the University of California, San Diego. They included 43 children aged 7 to 9 and 44 teens aged 15 to 18. In the study, each participant was told about two school races, with 10 runners in each. In one event, everyone who showed up would get a trophy, while in the other, only the top three would.

3Both groups expected the runners to try harder when trophies were limited. All of the teens and 72.1 percent of the children said runners would run faster in the winners-only event. Of the teens, 95.5 percent also said a trophy from that event would make runners feel more special.

4The teens, however, also saw a downside. Of the teens, 95.5 percent said the winners-only event would make runners more likely to cheat, and all of them said runners would risk injury to win. The children's answers to these questions did not differ clearly from random guessing.

5When asked which event they would like to join, 62.8 percent of the children and 63.6 percent of the teens picked the winners-only race. Neither result showed a clear preference. Among the teens, those who rated themselves as faster runners were more likely to prefer that race. The study has limits, because participants only predicted how runners in a story would act.

Words　単語

awardsA2名賞（award の複数形）prizes given to people for doing something well
journalB1名学術誌、専門誌a magazine where scientists share their studies
studiedA1動調べた、研究した（study の過去形）looked at something carefully to learn about it
participantB1名参加者a person who takes part in something
limitedB1形限られたonly a small number or amount
downside外名悪い面、欠点the bad part of something
riskB1動（危険を）おかすto do something that could cause harm
random外形でたらめな、無作為のchosen without any plan or reason
preferenceB1名好みliking one thing more than another
predictedA2動予想した（predict の過去形）said what you think will happen later

単語のレベル：CEFR-J（『CEFR-J Wordlist Version 1.6』 東京外国語大学投野由紀夫研究室. （URL: https://www.cefr-j.org/download.html より 2026年8月ダウンロード））

1. Reading Quiz　本文の内容に合うものを選ぼう

  1. Where was the study published?

    A. In a school newspaperB. In the journal Developmental ScienceC. On a sports websiteD. In a running magazine

  2. How many runners were in each event in the story?

    A. ThreeB. SevenC. FifteenD. Ten

  3. What did 95.5 percent of the teens say about trophies from the winners-only event?

    A. They would make runners feel more special.B. They would be too expensive.C. They would make runners run slower.D. They would be given to everyone.

  4. What did all of the teens say about the winners-only event?

    A. Nobody would cheat.B. Runners would walk slowly.C. Runners would risk injury to win.D. Runners would stop the race.

  5. Why does the study have limits?

    A. It asked only adults.B. Participants only predicted how runners in a story would act.C. The races were too long.D. It was done in only one day.

2. True or False　正しければ T、違っていれば F

  1. (     ) The study compared children and teens.

  2. (     ) In the story, everyone in both events got a trophy.

  3. (     ) The children clearly agreed that runners would cheat more in the winners-only event.

  4. (     ) Teens who rated themselves as faster runners were more likely to prefer the winners-only race.

3. Fill in the Blanks　下の語から選んで空らんをうめよう（形を変えずに）

studieddownsidejournalparticipantlimitedawards

  1. In the study, each _____ was told about two school races, with 10 runners in each.

  2. Both groups expected the runners to try harder when trophies were _____.

  3. Teenagers expect winners-only _____ to make people try harder but also to push them to cheat and take risks, a new study from the United States suggests.

  4. Shuai Shao and Gail Heyman _____ 87 young people in the southwestern U.S.

  5. The study, published in the _____ Developmental Science, compared how children and teens think about awards for everyone and awards for the best.

  6. The teens, however, also saw a _____.

4. Word Order　語を並べかえて正しい文にしよう

  1. ( the / Both / to / runners / when / trophies / expected / try / groups / limited / harder / were ) .

  2. ( saw / teens, / The / however, / a / downside / also ) .

  3. ( result / a / showed / clear / Neither / preference ) .

5. Think and Write　英語で答えてみよう

  1. Do you think schools should give trophies to every student who takes part? Explain your opinion.（学校は参加した生徒全員にトロフィーをあげるべきだと思いますか？意見を説明しましょう。）

  2. Why do you think the teens noticed the risk of cheating more than the children did?（10代が子どもよりもズルの危険に気づいたのはなぜだと思いますか？）

Answers　解答

1. (1) B　(2) D　(3) A　(4) C　(5) B

2. (1) T　(2) F　(3) F　(4) T

3. (1) participant　(2) limited　(3) awards　(4) studied　(5) journal　(6) downside

4.

  1. Both groups expected the runners to try harder when trophies were limited.
  2. The teens, however, also saw a downside.
  3. Neither result showed a clear preference.

全文訳

1勝った人だけがもらえる賞は、人をがんばらせるが、ズルや危ないことをさせもすると10代は予想している。アメリカの新しい研究が、そんな結果を示しました。学術誌『デベロップメンタル・サイエンス』に発表されたこの研究は、全員への賞と上位への賞について、子どもと10代の考え方をくらべました。

2シュアイ・シャオさんとゲイル・ヘイマンさんが、アメリカ南西部の若い人87人を調べました。シャオさんは、カリフォルニア大学サンディエゴ校でこの研究を行いました。内訳は、7〜9歳の子ども43人と、15〜18歳の10代44人です。研究では、参加者一人ひとりに、10人ずつ走る学校の2つのレースのお話を伝えました。1つのレースでは参加した全員がトロフィーをもらい、もう1つでは上位3人だけがもらえます。

3どちらのグループも、トロフィーの数が限られているほうが、走る人ががんばると予想しました。10代の全員と子どもの72.1％が、勝った人だけのレースのほうが速く走るだろうと答えました。10代の95.5％は、そのレースのトロフィーのほうが、もらった人をより特別な気持ちにさせるとも答えました。

4しかし10代は、悪い面にも目を向けていました。10代の95.5％が、勝った人だけのレースのほうがズルが起きやすいと答え、全員が、勝つためにけがをする危険をおかすだろうと答えました。これらの質問への子どもの答えは、あてずっぽうで選んだ場合とはっきりした差がありませんでした。

5どちらのレースに出たいかとたずねられると、子どもの62.8％と10代の63.6％が、勝った人だけのレースを選びました。どちらの結果も、はっきりとした好みの差とは言えませんでした。10代のうち、自分は足が速いと評価した人ほど、そのレースを好む傾向がありました。参加者はお話の中の走る人がどうするかを予想しただけなので、この研究には限界があります。

文法ポイント：接続詞のあとの省略（When asked ～）

when・if などの接続詞のあとで、主語と be動詞が省かれることがある。本文の When asked which event they would like to join, … は When they were asked which event they would like to join, … の they were が省かれた形で、主節の主語（62.8 percent of the children and 63.6 percent of the teens）と同じ人たちを指す。「～とたずねられると」という意味。

出典：PsyPost、University of California, San Diego（eScholarship） ほか（記事は原田英語の時事英語ジュニアのオリジナル）｜https://www.haradaeigo.com/jijieigo-junior/news/2026-11-16-trophies-for-all-teens-study/