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原田英語の時事英語ジュニア｜英語ニュース ワークシート（高校生レベル）

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作り笑いの効果は？1回なら気分が上向くことも、10回続けると逆効果も　約1200人の実験

Forced Smiles Can Lift Mood Once but Backfire When Repeated, Study Finds

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1Forcing a smile once can give a small lift to your mood, but being made to smile again and again may cancel out that benefit, according to a study from the University of Florida. The paper was published in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, and the university announced the findings on November 4.

2About 1,200 people took part in the online experiment. They saw either pleasant pictures, such as kittens and flowers, or unpleasant ones, such as scenes of theft. Some were told to pose a smile as they looked, while others let their faces react naturally. The task was done either once or 10 times. Participants scored their happiness after every round.

3To make the test more like real work, the researchers told some of the participants that their 6-dollar payment could be cut by 2 dollars if they did not do as they were told. In the end, everyone received the full amount.

4After unpleasant pictures, one posed smile slightly increased happiness, even for people who had been warned about the 2-dollar penalty. Repeating the smile 10 times reduced that benefit, and when repetition was combined with the money threat, the benefit disappeared. With pleasant pictures, smiling over and over, or under pressure, made people less happy than letting their faces react naturally. In a further check, these smiles were also linked to more irritation and anger.

5The lead researcher, psychology professor Nicholas Coles, once worked at a theme park in Florida, where he was expected to smile at every customer. A researcher who was not part of the study said it cannot show whether forced smiling causes harm over weeks or years.

Words　単語

moodA2名気分the way you feel at a certain time
cancel outB1熟打ち消す、帳消しにするto stop another thing from having any effect
benefitB1名よい点、効果、利益something good that you get from something
pleasantA2形楽しい、心地よいnice and enjoyable
poseB2動（表情・ポーズを）作るto make a face or body shape on purpose
participantsB1名参加者（participant の複数形）people who take part in something
pressureA2名プレッシャー、圧力a feeling that you must do something
paymentB2名支払い、謝礼money that you get for doing something
threatB1名おどし、脅威a warning that something bad may happen
irritationB2名いらいらa feeling of being a little angry

単語のレベル：CEFR-J（『CEFR-J Wordlist Version 1.6』 東京外国語大学投野由紀夫研究室. （URL: https://www.cefr-j.org/download.html より 2026年8月ダウンロード））

1. Reading Quiz　本文の内容に合うものを選ぼう

  1. What happened after unpleasant pictures when people posed a smile once?

    A. Their happiness fell sharply.B. Their happiness slightly increased.C. They felt nothing at all.D. They stopped the experiment.

  2. How much money could some participants lose?

    A. 6 dollarsB. 10 dollarsC. 1 dollarD. 2 dollars

  3. What happened to the benefit when repetition was combined with the money threat?

    A. It disappeared.B. It doubled.C. It stayed the same.D. It became stronger after a week.

  4. With pleasant pictures, how did repeated or pressured smiles affect people?

    A. People felt much happier than usual.B. People forgot the pictures.C. People felt less happy than when they reacted naturally.D. People smiled for real.

  5. What did a researcher outside the study say it cannot show?

    A. Whether people like kittensB. Whether forced smiling causes harm over weeks or yearsC. How many people work at theme parksD. Whether money makes people happy

2. True or False　正しければ T、違っていれば F

  1. (     ) Participants who were warned about money actually received less money.

  2. (     ) Some participants did the task 10 times.

  3. (     ) In a further check, forced smiles were linked to more irritation.

  4. (     ) Coles once worked at a hospital.

3. Fill in the Blanks　下の語から選んで空らんをうめよう（形を変えずに）

posepleasantbenefitpressuremoodParticipants

  1. With pleasant pictures, smiling over and over, or under _____, made people less happy than letting their faces react naturally.

  2. Some were told to _____ a smile as they looked, while others let their faces react naturally.

  3. They saw either _____ pictures, such as kittens and flowers, or unpleasant ones, such as scenes of theft.

  4. Repeating the smile 10 times reduced that _____, and when repetition was combined with the money threat, the benefit disappeared.

  5. Forcing a smile once can give a small lift to your _____, but being made to smile again and again may cancel out that benefit, according to a study from the University of Florida.

  6. _____ scored their happiness after every round.

4. Word Order　語を並べかえて正しい文にしよう

  1. ( the / people / part / online / About / took / in / experiment / 1,200 ) .

  2. ( The / once / or / times / done / 10 / was / either / task ) .

  3. ( received / everyone / amount / full / end, / In / the / the ) .

5. Think and Write　英語で答えてみよう

  1. Should workers in shops be told to smile at every customer? Give your opinion and a reason.（お店で働く人は、お客さん全員に笑顔を見せるよう言われるべき？意見と理由を書こう。）

  2. The study used pictures on a screen. How might the results be different in real life?（この研究は画面の写真を使いました。実際の生活では、結果はどうちがうかもしれない？）

Answers　解答

1. (1) B　(2) D　(3) A　(4) C　(5) B

2. (1) F　(2) T　(3) T　(4) F

3. (1) pressure　(2) pose　(3) pleasant　(4) benefit　(5) mood　(6) Participants

4.

  1. About 1,200 people took part in the online experiment.
  2. The task was done either once or 10 times.
  3. In the end, everyone received the full amount.

全文訳

11回作り笑いをすると気分が少し上向くことがありますが、何度もくり返し笑わされると、その効果が打ち消されるかもしれないことが、フロリダ大学の研究でわかりました。論文は学術誌 Journal of Experimental Social Psychology に発表され、大学は11月4日に研究結果を発表しました。

2約1200人が、オンラインの実験に参加しました。参加者は、子ネコや花のような楽しい写真か、どろぼうの場面のようないやな写真のどちらかを見ました。見ながら笑顔を作るように言われた人もいれば、自然な表情のままでいた人もいました。この作業は1回か10回行われました。参加者は作業のたびに、どのくらい幸せかを点数で答えました。

3実験を実際の仕事に近づけるため、研究者は参加者の一部に、指示どおりにしないと6ドルの謝礼のうち2ドルを減らすかもしれないと伝えました。実際には、全員が全額を受け取りました。

4いやな写真のあと、1回の作り笑いで幸せな気持ちが少し高まりました。お金が減ると注意された人でも同じでした。作り笑いを10回くり返すとその効果は小さくなり、くり返しにお金のおどしが重なると、効果は消えました。楽しい写真では、くり返したりプレッシャーをかけられたりした作り笑いのほうが、自然に反応した場合より幸せな気持ちが低くなりました。追加の分析では、こうした強いられた笑顔は、いらいらや怒りも高める傾向があることがわかりました。

5研究の中心になった心理学の教授ニコラス・コールズさんは、以前フロリダのテーマパークで働いていて、お客さん全員に笑顔を見せることを求められていました。この研究に加わっていない研究者は、作り笑いが何週間、何年と続いたときに悪い影響があるかどうかは、この研究ではわからないと話しました。

文法ポイント：動名詞の主語（～ingは…）

動詞に -ing をつけた動名詞は「～すること」という意味で、文の主語になれる。本文の Forcing a smile once can give a small lift to your mood（1回作り笑いをすることは気分を少し上げる）と Repeating the smile 10 times reduced that benefit（笑顔を10回くり返すことはその効果を小さくした）がその例。動名詞の主語は1つのこととして扱うので、現在形なら下の例の helps・takes のように動詞は単数の形になる。

出典：EurekAlert!（University of Florida）、Newsweek ほか（記事は原田英語の時事英語ジュニアのオリジナル）｜https://www.haradaeigo.com/jijieigo-junior/news/2026-11-15-forced-smile-happiness-study/