原田英語の時事英語ジュニア|英語ニュース ワークシート(高校生レベル)
Class ____ No. ____ Name ____________________
マルハナバチがモールス信号のような光を見分けた!ハチの脳の時間感覚
Tiny Brains, Precise Timing
1Bumblebees can learn to tell apart short and long flashes of light, much like the dots and dashes of Morse code, researchers in London reported in November 2025. The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, was carried out at Queen Mary University of London. Alex Davidson, a doctoral student, led the research.
2The team tested buff-tailed bumblebees in a specially built maze. In each room, two yellow circles flashed, one briefly and one for longer. One flash duration was paired with sugar, and the other with a bitter substance that bees avoid. Because the circles switched positions from room to room, the bees could not simply memorize a location.
3Once the bees had learned the task, the researchers removed the sugar. Most bees still headed straight for the flash duration that had been linked to food. With no sugar present, the bees could not use its smell as a clue, so their choices must have been based on the timing of the light.
4Until now, the ability to judge the length of a signal had been found only in humans and other vertebrates, such as macaques and pigeons. A bee's brain is smaller than one cubic millimeter. The researchers noted that bees do not see flashing lights in nature, so the skill may come from a timing ability that evolved for other purposes.
5Elisabetta Versace, who supervised the project, said the finding could help scientists design more efficient artificial neural networks. Scientists still do not know which nerve cells allow bees to keep track of time. The team plans to test different ideas about how insects measure time.
Words 単語
| tell apartA2 | 句 | 見分けるto see how two things are not the same |
| doctoral外 | 形 | 博士課程のworking toward the highest university degree |
| duration外 | 名 | (時間の)長さ、継続時間how long something lasts |
| substanceB2 | 名 | 物質a kind of material, such as a liquid |
| avoidA2 | 動 | さけるto stay away from something |
| memorizeB1 | 動 | 暗記する、覚えるto learn something so you can remember it |
| removedB1 | 動 | 取りのぞいたtook something away from a place |
| vertebrates外 | 名 | 脊椎動物(背骨のある動物)animals that have a backbone |
| evolvedB2 | 動 | 進化したchanged slowly over a very long time |
| efficientB1 | 形 | 効率のよいworking well without wasting time or energy |
単語のレベル:CEFR-J(『CEFR-J Wordlist Version 1.6』 東京外国語大学投野由紀夫研究室. (URL: https://www.cefr-j.org/download.html より 2026年8月ダウンロード))
1. Reading Quiz 本文の内容に合うものを選ぼう
Which journal published the study?
A. NatureB. Science AdvancesC. Biology LettersD. Current Biology
Why did the circles switch positions from room to room?
A. So bees could not simply memorize a locationB. To make the maze look nicerC. To save electricityD. To give bees more sugar
What did removing the sugar show?
A. Bees prefer bitter food.B. Bees follow the smell of sugar.C. Bees cannot learn anything.D. Bees chose by the timing of the light.
Before this study, which animals were known to have this skill?
A. Only insectsB. Humans and other vertebrates such as macaques and pigeonsC. Only fishD. No animals at all
What is still unknown, according to the researchers?
A. Which nerve cells let bees keep track of timeB. How bees make honeyC. Why bees like yellowD. How far bees can fly
2. True or False 正しければ T、違っていれば F
( ) The bees were tested in a maze.
( ) Bees often see flashing lights in nature.
( ) Most bees chose randomly after the sugar was removed.
( ) A bee's brain is smaller than one cubic millimeter.
3. Fill in the Blanks 下の語から選んで空らんをうめよう(形を変えずに)
removedmemorizeevolveddurationdoctoralvertebrates
Alex Davidson, a _____ student, led the research.
The researchers noted that bees do not see flashing lights in nature, so the skill may come from a timing ability that _____ for other purposes.
Until now, the ability to judge the length of a signal had been found only in humans and other _____, such as macaques and pigeons.
One flash _____ was paired with sugar, and the other with a bitter substance that bees avoid.
Once the bees had learned the task, the researchers _____ the sugar.
Because the circles switched positions from room to room, the bees could not simply _____ a location.
4. Word Order 語を並べかえて正しい文にしよう
( a / maze / built / team / bumblebees / buff-tailed / in / The / specially / tested ) .
( researchers / the / sugar / task, / the / Once / had / bees / the / the / removed / learned ) .
( brain / than / A / cubic / bee's / millimeter / smaller / one / is ) .
5. Think and Write 英語で答えてみよう
Insects have very small brains but can learn complex tasks. Does this change how you think about insects? Explain.(昆虫の脳はとても小さいのに、複雑な課題を覚えられます。これで昆虫への見方は変わりますか?説明しよう。)
Should scientists copy animal brains to build better AI? Why or why not?(よりよいAIを作るために、科学者は動物の脳をまねるべきでしょうか?理由も考えよう。)

Answers 解答
1. (1) C (2) A (3) D (4) B (5) A
2. (1) T (2) F (3) F (4) T
3. (1) doctoral (2) evolved (3) vertebrates (4) duration (5) removed (6) memorize
4.
- The team tested buff-tailed bumblebees in a specially built maze.
- Once the bees had learned the task, the researchers removed the sugar.
- A bee's brain is smaller than one cubic millimeter.
全文訳
12025年11月、ロンドンの研究者たちが、マルハナバチはモールス信号の「トン」と「ツー」のような、短い光と長い光の点滅を見分けることを覚えられると報告しました。学術誌「バイオロジー・レターズ」に発表されたこの研究は、ロンドン大学クイーン・メアリー校で行われました。研究を率いたのは、博士課程の学生アレックス・デビッドソンさんです。
2チームは、特別に作った迷路でセイヨウオオマルハナバチを調べました。それぞれの部屋では2つの黄色い円が点滅しました。片方は短く、もう片方は長く光りました。片方の点滅の長さは砂糖と、もう片方はハチがさける苦い物質と組み合わされていました。円の位置は部屋ごとに入れかわったので、ハチは場所を覚えるだけでは正解できませんでした。
3ハチが課題を覚えたあと、研究者たちは砂糖を取りのぞきました。それでもほとんどのハチは、食べ物と結びついていた長さの点滅へまっすぐ向かいました。砂糖がない以上、においを手がかりにすることはできません。ハチは光の時間の長さをもとに選んでいたことになります。
4これまで、信号の長さを判断する能力が見つかっていたのは、人間やマカクザル、ハトなど、脊椎動物だけでした。ハチの脳は1立方ミリメートルより小さいのです。研究者たちは、ハチは自然の中で点滅する光を見ることはないので、この能力は別の目的のために進化した時間の感覚から来ているのかもしれないと指摘しました。
5研究を指導したエリザベッタ・ヴェルサーチェ博士は、この発見がより効率のよい人工ニューラルネットワークの設計に役立つかもしれないと話しました。ハチが時間を計るときにどの神経細胞がはたらいているのかは、まだわかっていません。チームは今後、昆虫が時間を計るしくみについて、いくつかの説を確かめる予定です。
文法ポイント:接続詞 once(いったん~すると、~したら)
once + 主語 + 動詞 で「いったん~すると」「~したらすぐ」を表す。本文の Once the bees had learned the task, the researchers removed the sugar. は「ハチが課題を覚えたら、研究者は砂糖を取りのぞいた」。
出典:Phys.org (Queen Mary University of London)、Sci.News ほか(記事は原田英語の時事英語ジュニアのオリジナル)|https://www.haradaeigo.com/jijieigo-junior/news/2025-11-12-bumblebees-morse-code-flashes/