原田英語の時事英語ジュニア|英語ニュース ワークシート(高校生レベル)
Class ____ No. ____ Name ____________________
火星に生命の痕跡?探査車パーサビアランスの岩に「ヒョウ柄」の模様
NASA Calls Mars Rock Its Best Candidate Yet for Signs of Life
1NASA said on September 10, 2025, that a rock sample collected by its Perseverance rover contains what may be signs of ancient life on Mars. The findings were published the same day in the journal Nature. The sample, a rock core called Sapphire Canyon, is the best candidate for such signs that the rover has found so far.
2Perseverance drilled the core on July 21, 2024, from a rock nicknamed Cheyava Falls. The rock sits on the edge of Neretva Vallis, an ancient river valley about 400 meters wide that once carried water into Jezero Crater. It formed from clay and silt that settled in water long ago and later hardened into rock.
3Cheyava Falls is covered in small ringed markings that scientists call leopard spots. The dark rims of the spots are rich in vivianite, a mineral made of iron and phosphate. The spots also contain greigite, a mineral made of iron and sulfur. On Earth, vivianite is common in sediments where organic matter is breaking down, and some microbes can produce greigite.
4That is why NASA describes the find as a potential biosignature. In NASA's terms, this means the minerals could have been made by living things, but more evidence is needed before scientists can decide. The same minerals can also form without life, for example at high temperatures or in acidic conditions. The team found no sign that the rock had ever been very hot or acidic, but a non-biological explanation cannot be ruled out.
5Researchers say the clearest answer would come from studying the core in laboratories on Earth. Perseverance had collected 27 rock cores by the time of the announcement. However, NASA did not have a firm plan in 2025 to bring the samples back to Earth.
Words 単語
| candidateB2 | 名 | 候補one of the possible choices for something |
| evidenceA2 | 名 | 証拠facts that help show something is true |
| drilledA2 | 動 | (ドリルで)穴をあけた、くりぬいたmade a hole by turning a sharp tool |
| hardened外 | 動 | 固まった(harden の過去形)became solid and firm |
| sediments外 | 名 | 堆積物(水の底などにたまった砂や泥)sand and mud that settle at the bottom of water |
| organic matterB1 | 名 | 有機物material that comes from plants and animals |
| potentialB1 | 形 | 可能性のある、潜在的なpossible, but not yet certain |
| biologicalB2 | 形 | 生物の、生物学的なhaving to do with living things |
| ruled outA1 | 熟 | (可能性を)除外する(rule out の過去分詞)shown to be not possible |
| laboratoriesB1 | 名 | 研究室、実験室(laboratory の複数形)rooms or buildings where scientists do tests |
単語のレベル:CEFR-J(『CEFR-J Wordlist Version 1.6』 東京外国語大学投野由紀夫研究室. (URL: https://www.cefr-j.org/download.html より 2026年8月ダウンロード))
1. Reading Quiz 本文の内容に合うものを選ぼう
When did NASA announce the result?
A. In July 2024B. In February 2021C. On September 10, 2025D. In 2026
Where is the rock called Cheyava Falls?
A. On the edge of an ancient river valleyB. At the top of a Martian volcanoC. Near the north pole of MarsD. In a lab on Earth
What is greigite made of?
A. Iron and phosphateB. Carbon and waterC. Iron and sulfurD. Ice and dust
What does potential biosignature mean?
A. Proof that life existedB. Something that might come from life but needs more evidenceC. A type of rover cameraD. A mineral found only on Mars
Where would researchers like to study the core to get the clearest answer?
A. On the MoonB. Inside the roverC. On a space stationD. In laboratories on Earth
2. True or False 正しければ T、違っていれば F
( ) The dark rims of the spots are rich in vivianite.
( ) Scientists have proved that the minerals were made by life.
( ) The team found no sign that the rock had been very hot.
( ) Perseverance had collected only three rock cores.
3. Fill in the Blanks 下の語から選んで空らんをうめよう(形を変えずに)
potentialcandidatedrilledsedimentshardenedevidence
That is why NASA describes the find as a _____ biosignature.
On Earth, vivianite is common in _____ where organic matter is breaking down, and some microbes can produce greigite.
Perseverance _____ the core on July 21, 2024, from a rock nicknamed Cheyava Falls.
The sample, a rock core called Sapphire Canyon, is the best _____ for such signs that the rover has found so far.
In NASA's terms, this means the minerals could have been made by living things, but more _____ is needed before scientists can decide.
It formed from clay and silt that settled in water long ago and later _____ into rock.
4. Word Order 語を並べかえて正しい文にしよう
( day / in / the / Nature / The / journal / findings / published / the / were / same ) .
( sulfur / greigite, / The / of / also / contain / and / iron / mineral / spots / made / a ) .
( a / biosignature / potential / NASA / describes / why / the / is / find / as / That ) .
5. Think and Write 英語で答えてみよう
Should NASA spend a lot of money to bring the Mars samples back to Earth? Give your opinion with reasons.(火星のサンプルを地球に持ち帰るために、NASAは多くのお金を使うべきだと思う?理由をつけて意見を言おう。)
Why do you think scientists are careful not to say they have found life on Mars?(科学者が「火星で生命を見つけた」と言わないよう慎重なのはなぜだと思う?)

Answers 解答
1. (1) C (2) A (3) C (4) B (5) D
2. (1) T (2) F (3) T (4) F
3. (1) potential (2) sediments (3) drilled (4) candidate (5) evidence (6) hardened
4.
- The findings were published the same day in the journal Nature.
- The spots also contain greigite, a mineral made of iron and sulfur.
- That is why NASA describes the find as a potential biosignature.
全文訳
1NASAは2025年9月10日、探査車パーサビアランスが採った岩のサンプルに、大昔の生命の痕跡かもしれないものがふくまれていると発表しました。研究結果は同じ日に、科学誌『ネイチャー』に掲載されました。そのサンプルは「サファイア・キャニオン」と呼ばれる岩の円柱(コア)で、探査車がこれまでに見つけた中で、そうした痕跡のいちばん有力な候補です。
2パーサビアランスは2024年7月21日、「チェヤバ・フォールズ」というニックネームの岩からこのコアをくりぬきました。岩があるのは「ネレトバ谷」のふちです。幅約400メートルのこの古代の川の谷は、かつてジェゼロ・クレーターに水を運んでいました。この岩は、大昔に水の中でしずんだ粘土や細かい砂が、のちに固まってできたものです。
3チェヤバ・フォールズの表面には、科学者が「ヒョウ柄の斑点」と呼ぶ小さな輪の形の模様がたくさんあります。斑点の黒いふちには、鉄とリン酸からなる鉱物「藍鉄鉱(ビビアナイト)」が多くふくまれています。斑点には、鉄と硫黄からなる鉱物「グレイジャイト」もふくまれています。地球では、藍鉄鉱は有機物が分解されつつある堆積物の中でよく見られ、グレイジャイトを作る微生物もいます。
4そのためNASAは、この発見を「生命の痕跡の可能性があるもの(潜在的バイオシグネチャー)」と説明しています。NASAの言い方では、これは鉱物が生き物によって作られた可能性があるものの、結論を出すにはさらに証拠が必要だという意味です。同じ鉱物は、たとえば高温や酸性の条件のもとでは、生命がなくてもできることがあります。研究チームは、岩がとても高温や酸性になった形跡を見つけていませんが、生命と関係のない説明を否定することはできません。
5研究者たちは、いちばんはっきりした答えは地球の研究室でコアを調べることで得られると言います。発表の時点で、パーサビアランスは27本の岩のコアを集めていました。しかし2025年の時点で、NASAにはサンプルを地球に持ち帰る確かな計画がありませんでした。
文法ポイント:関係代名詞 what(~するもの・こと)
what は先行詞をふくむ関係代名詞で「~するもの・こと」。本文の contains what may be signs of ancient life は「大昔の生命の痕跡かもしれないものをふくんでいる」という意味。
出典:NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory、Astronomy Magazine、NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory ほか(記事は原田英語の時事英語ジュニアのオリジナル)|https://www.haradaeigo.com/jijieigo-junior/news/2025-09-11-mars-rock-possible-signs-of-life/