原田英語の時事英語ジュニア|英語ニュース ワークシート(高校生レベル)
Class ____ No. ____ Name ____________________
AIが新しい抗生物質を設計!薬が効かない「スーパー耐性菌」に挑む
Generative AI Designs Antibiotics From Scratch
1Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have used generative AI to design new antibiotics that killed drug-resistant bacteria in mice. The study was published in the journal Cell in August 2025.
2Many bacteria have evolved to survive antibiotics, the medicines doctors use to treat infections. These bacteria are often called superbugs. Drug-resistant infections are linked to nearly 5 million deaths around the world every year.
3Most earlier AI projects searched lists of chemicals that already exist. The MIT team's AI built completely new molecules, adding atoms step by step. In total, the AI designed more than 36 million possible compounds.
4The team used computers to remove designs that looked too similar to existing antibiotics. It also removed designs that were likely to be harmful to people. Only a small number of the designs were made and tested in the lab.
5Two compounds worked well in tests. One compound, called DN1, cleared a skin infection caused by MRSA in mice. MRSA is a well-known superbug. The other, called NG1, cleared drug-resistant gonorrhea in mice. Both compounds seem to attack the outer layer of bacteria in ways that today's antibiotics do not.
6The compounds will need more work and safety tests before doctors can use them. A nonprofit group called Phare Bio is now working to improve both compounds. The team also plans to use the same method against the bacteria that cause tuberculosis.
Words 単語
| generative AI外 | 名 | 生成AI(新しい文章や画像などを作り出すAI)computer programs that can make new text, pictures or designs |
| drug-resistant外 | 形 | 薬剤耐性の、薬が効かないnot killed or stopped by medicine anymore |
| evolvedB2 | 動 | 進化した(evolve の過去分詞)changed slowly over a long time |
| infectionsB1 | 名 | 感染症(infection の複数形)sicknesses caused by germs getting into the body |
| moleculesB1 | 名 | 分子(molecule の複数形)the smallest parts of a material, made of atoms |
| compoundsB1 | 名 | 化合物(compound の複数形)materials made of two or more kinds of atoms |
| harmfulA2 | 形 | 有害なable to hurt or damage something |
| clearedA2 | 動 | (病気などを)治した、取りのぞいた(clear の過去形)made a sickness go away |
| outer layerB1 | 名 | 外側の層、外膜the part that covers the outside of something |
| nonprofit外 | 形 | 非営利の(お金もうけを目的としない)working to help people, not to make money |
単語のレベル:CEFR-J(『CEFR-J Wordlist Version 1.6』 東京外国語大学投野由紀夫研究室. (URL: https://www.cefr-j.org/download.html より 2026年8月ダウンロード))
1. Reading Quiz 本文の内容に合うものを選ぼう
How was the MIT team's AI different from most earlier AI projects?
A. It only searched existing chemicals.B. It copied old antibiotics.C. It built completely new molecules.D. It tested medicines on people.
Which designs did the team remove?
A. Ones too similar to existing antibiotics or likely to be harmfulB. Ones that were too cheapC. Ones with long namesD. Ones made by other teams
What did DN1 do in mice?
A. It made the mice grow faster.B. It cleared a skin infection caused by MRSA.C. It changed the color of their fur.D. It helped them sleep.
How do both compounds seem to attack bacteria?
A. By making them coldB. By eating themC. By changing their DNA into plasticD. By attacking their outer layer in new ways
What does the team plan to do next?
A. Use the same method against the bacteria that cause tuberculosisB. Sell the medicines next monthC. Stop using AID. Test the compounds on plants
2. True or False 正しければ T、違っていれば F
( ) Many bacteria have evolved to survive antibiotics.
( ) Every one of the 36 million compounds was made in the lab.
( ) The study was published in the journal Cell.
( ) Doctors can already use the new compounds.
3. Fill in the Blanks 下の語から選んで空らんをうめよう(形を変えずに)
evolveddrug-resistantmoleculesharmfulinfectionscompounds
Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have used generative AI to design new antibiotics that killed _____ bacteria in mice.
Many bacteria have _____ to survive antibiotics, the medicines doctors use to treat infections.
Drug-resistant _____ are linked to nearly 5 million deaths around the world every year.
In total, the AI designed more than 36 million possible _____.
The MIT team's AI built completely new _____, adding atoms step by step.
It also removed designs that were likely to be _____ to people.
4. Word Order 語を並べかえて正しい文にしよう
( These / often / superbugs / called / are / bacteria ) .
( well / Two / compounds / in / tests / worked ) .
( compounds / designed / million / total, / AI / possible / 36 / In / more / the / than ) .
5. Think and Write 英語で答えてみよう
Should AI-designed medicines be tested differently from medicines designed by people? Why or why not?(AIが設計した薬は、人が設計した薬とは違う方法で試験すべきでしょうか?理由も考えよう。)
Besides medicine, which field do you think generative AI could help the most?(薬のほかに、生成AIがいちばん役に立ちそうな分野は何だと思いますか?)

Answers 解答
1. (1) C (2) A (3) B (4) D (5) A
2. (1) T (2) F (3) T (4) F
3. (1) drug-resistant (2) evolved (3) infections (4) compounds (5) molecules (6) harmful
4.
- These bacteria are often called superbugs.
- Two compounds worked well in tests.
- In total, the AI designed more than 36 million possible compounds.
全文訳
1マサチューセッツ工科大学の科学者たちが生成AIを使って新しい抗生物質を設計し、その薬がネズミの体内で薬剤耐性菌を退治しました。この研究は2025年8月、科学誌『セル』に発表されました。
2多くの細菌は、医師が感染症の治療に使う薬である抗生物質に負けないように進化してきました。こうした細菌は、よく「スーパー耐性菌」とよばれます。薬剤耐性菌による感染症は、毎年世界で500万人近くの死に関わっているとされています。
3これまでのAIの研究の多くは、すでにある化学物質のリストの中から探すものでした。MITのチームのAIは、原子を一つずつ加えながら、まったく新しい分子を組み立てました。AIが設計した候補の化合物は、全部で3600万種類以上にのぼりました。
4チームはコンピューターを使い、今ある抗生物質に似すぎている設計を取りのぞきました。人に害がありそうな設計も取りのぞきました。実際に作られ、実験室で試されたのは、ごく一部の設計だけでした。
5試験では、2つの化合物がよい結果を出しました。そのうちの1つ「DN1」は、ネズミの皮ふにできたMRSAによる感染症を治しました。MRSAはよく知られたスーパー耐性菌です。もう1つの「NG1」は、ネズミの体内で薬の効かない淋菌(りんきん)による感染症を治しました。どちらの化合物も、今の抗生物質にはない方法で細菌の外側の膜を攻撃するとみられています。
6医師がこれらの化合物を使えるようになるまでには、さらなる研究と安全性の試験が必要です。現在、ファーレ・バイオという非営利団体が、両方の化合物を改良する作業を進めています。チームは同じ方法を、結核を引き起こす細菌にも使う計画です。
文法ポイント:関係代名詞 that(主格)
that 以下が前の名詞をくわしく説明する。本文の designs that looked too similar to existing antibiotics は「今ある抗生物質に似すぎている設計」、the bacteria that cause tuberculosis は「結核を引き起こす細菌」という意味。
出典:MIT News(MIT IMES 掲載)、Gulf News ほか(記事は原田英語の時事英語ジュニアのオリジナル)|https://www.haradaeigo.com/jijieigo-junior/news/2025-08-14-ai-designs-new-antibiotics/