原田英語の時事英語ジュニア|英語ニュース ワークシート(高校生レベル)
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土星の衛星が274個に 新たに128個見つかり木星を大きく引き離す
Saturn Pulls Far Ahead in the Race for Moons
1Saturn has gained 128 new moons, bringing its total to 274, the most of any planet in the solar system. The International Astronomical Union (IAU), which officially recognizes discoveries in space, accepted the new moons on March 11, 2025. Saturn now has almost twice as many moons as all the other planets combined.
2Jupiter, with 95 moons, is a distant second. Saturn first passed Jupiter in 2019. Jupiter took the lead back in early 2023, but Saturn moved ahead again later that year and has now pulled far ahead.
3The discovery was made by a team led by Edward Ashton of Academia Sinica in Taiwan, working with astronomers from Canada, the United States and France. Using the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, the team watched the same areas of sky from 2019 to 2021. In 2023, the astronomers returned to those areas for three months in a row. They used a method called shift and stack, in which many images are lined up along a moon's expected path and combined. The combined image makes a faint moon bright enough to detect.
4All 128 new moons are irregular moons, which have distant, tilted orbits and were captured by Saturn instead of forming with it. Each of the new moons is only a few kilometers across. Scientists think they are fragments of a smaller number of larger moons that broke apart in collisions. Many of them are close to a group called the Mundilfari subgroup, where a crash may have happened within the last 100 million years.
5The discovery has also renewed a debate about what counts as a moon. NASA describes moons as natural objects that orbit planets, but there is no strict size limit. Nobody counts the small pieces of rock and ice in Saturn's rings as moons, though. Ashton's team said Jupiter is unlikely ever to catch up.
Words 単語
| gainedB1 | 動 | 得た、増やした(gain の過去分詞)got more of something |
| recognizesB1 | 動 | (正式に)認めるofficially says that something is true |
| combinedB1 | 形 | 合わせた、合計したadded together as one |
| distantB1 | 形 | 遠い、大きく離れたfar behind the one in front |
| in a rowA1 | 熟 | 連続でone after another without a break |
| detectB2 | 動 | 検出する、見つけるto find or notice something hard to see |
| irregularB1 | 形 | 不規則なnot following the usual shape or pattern |
| tilted外 | 形 | 傾いたleaning to one side, not flat |
| fragmentsB1 | 名 | 破片、かけらsmall pieces broken off something |
| debateA2 | 名 | 議論a talk where people share different opinions |
単語のレベル:CEFR-J(『CEFR-J Wordlist Version 1.6』 東京外国語大学投野由紀夫研究室. (URL: https://www.cefr-j.org/download.html より 2026年8月ダウンロード))
1. Reading Quiz 本文の内容に合うものを選ぼう
When did the IAU accept the new moons?
A. March 11, 2025B. In 2019C. In 2021D. In 2023
Which planet took the lead back in early 2023?
A. SaturnB. MarsC. JupiterD. Uranus
What does the shift and stack method do?
A. It sends a spacecraft to each moon.B. It combines many images so a faint moon becomes visible.C. It measures the weight of moons.D. It removes the rings from images.
How are irregular moons different from other moons?
A. They are bigger than Saturn.B. They have rings.C. They have no orbits.D. They were captured by Saturn instead of forming with it.
What is not counted as moons?
A. Small pieces of rock and ice in Saturn's ringsB. Moons that are a few kilometers acrossC. Irregular moonsD. Moons near the Mundilfari subgroup
2. True or False 正しければ T、違っていれば F
( ) Saturn has more moons than all the other planets combined.
( ) The team was made up only of astronomers from Taiwan.
( ) The new moons may be fragments of larger moons.
( ) NASA has a strict size limit for what counts as a moon.
3. Fill in the Blanks 下の語から選んで空らんをうめよう(形を変えずに)
distantdetectgainedirregularrecognizescombined
Jupiter, with 95 moons, is a _____ second.
Saturn now has almost twice as many moons as all the other planets _____.
The combined image makes a faint moon bright enough to _____.
Saturn has _____ 128 new moons, bringing its total to 274, the most of any planet in the solar system.
All 128 new moons are _____ moons, which have distant, tilted orbits and were captured by Saturn instead of forming with it.
The International Astronomical Union (IAU), which officially _____ discoveries in space, accepted the new moons on March 11, 2025.
4. Word Order 語を並べかえて正しい文にしよう
( with / Jupiter, / moons, / a / distant / 95 / second / is ) .
( new / a / kilometers / moons / is / only / few / of / Each / across / the ) .
( in / first / 2019 / passed / Saturn / Jupiter ) .
5. Think and Write 英語で答えてみよう
Should a rock only a few kilometers across be called a moon? Give your opinion with a reason.(直径数キロの岩を衛星と呼ぶべきだと思う?理由をつけて意見を言おう。)
Do you think counting more and more small moons is useful for science? Why or why not?(小さな衛星をどんどん数えていくことは、科学の役に立つと思う?その理由は?)
Answers 解答
1. (1) A (2) C (3) B (4) D (5) A
2. (1) T (2) F (3) T (4) F
3. (1) distant (2) combined (3) detect (4) gained (5) irregular (6) recognizes
4.
- Jupiter, with 95 moons, is a distant second.
- Each of the new moons is only a few kilometers across.
- Saturn first passed Jupiter in 2019.
全文訳
1土星に新しい衛星が128個加わり、合計274個になりました。太陽系の惑星の中で最も多い数です。宇宙での発見を正式に認める国際天文学連合(IAU)が、2025年3月11日に新しい衛星を認めました。土星の衛星の数は、ほかのすべての惑星の衛星を合わせた数のほぼ2倍になりました。
295個の衛星をもつ木星は、大きく離された2位です。土星が最初に木星を追いぬいたのは2019年でした。2023年のはじめに木星が1位を取り返しましたが、同じ年のうちに土星がふたたび上回り、いまでは大きく差を広げています。
3発見したのは、台湾の中央研究院のエドワード・アシュトン博士が率いるチームで、カナダ、アメリカ、フランスの天文学者も参加しました。チームはカナダ・フランス・ハワイ望遠鏡を使い、2019年から2021年にかけて同じ空の領域を観測しました。2023年には、同じ領域を3か月続けて観測し直しました。使ったのは「シフト・アンド・スタック」という方法で、衛星が動くと予想される道すじに沿って多くの画像をずらして重ね合わせます。重ねた画像では、暗い衛星も見つけられるほど明るく写ります。
4新しい128個の衛星はすべて「不規則衛星」です。土星から遠く、傾いた軌道を回っていて、土星と一緒に生まれたのではなく、あとから土星にとらえられたものです。新しい衛星はどれも直径が数キロメートルしかありません。科学者たちは、もともと数の少なかった大きな衛星が衝突でくだけた破片だと考えています。その多くは「ムンディルファリ群」と呼ばれるグループの近くにあり、そこではこの1億年以内に衝突が起きた可能性があります。
5この発見は、何を衛星と呼ぶのかという議論もあらためて呼び起こしました。NASAは衛星を「惑星のまわりを回る自然の天体」と説明していますが、大きさについての厳密な決まりはありません。ただし、土星の環にある小さな岩や氷のかけらを衛星として数える人はいません。アシュトン博士のチームは、木星が追いつくことはまずないだろうと述べています。
文法ポイント:前置詞 + 関係代名詞(in which)
関係代名詞の前に前置詞を置いて、「その中で~」と説明を加える。本文の a method called shift and stack, in which many images are lined up ... は「シフト・アンド・スタックという方法で、その方法では多くの画像が並べられる」という意味。
出典:UBC Science (University of British Columbia)、The Conversation ほか(記事は原田英語の時事英語ジュニアのオリジナル)|https://www.haradaeigo.com/jijieigo-junior/news/2025-03-12-saturn-128-new-moons/