原田英語の時事英語ジュニア|英語ニュース ワークシート(中学生レベル)
Class ____ No. ____ Name ____________________
天気予報は2週間が限界?昔の予報のまちがいを学ぶAIで、3〜4週間先がよくなった
AI Helps Forecast the Weather Weeks Ahead
1Scientists have used AI to make better forecasts of the weather three to four weeks ahead. Most weather forecasts get much worse after about two weeks. The team's study has been published in the science journal Nature.
2Small mistakes in a forecast grow bigger day by day. By week three, the mistakes can hide the useful information.
3The new AI tool does not make its own forecasts. Instead, it checks about 20 years of old forecasts against the real weather. Then it finds the mistakes that come back again and again, and it removes them. It is a little like studying your old test mistakes.
4The team tested the tool on an AI forecast system from a European weather center. In tests with weather data from 2025, the tool doubled the system's average score. But the scores are still low. A system using the tool also came first in a contest held by the center in fall 2025.
Words 単語
| forecastsB1 | 名 | 予報what people say the weather will be later |
| journalB1 | 名 | (学術)雑誌a magazine where scientists share their work |
| mistakesA2 | 名 | まちがいthings that are not right |
| usefulA2 | 形 | 役に立つgood for helping you do something |
| informationA1 | 名 | 情報facts that tell you about something |
| removesB1 | 動 | 取りのぞくtakes something away |
| averageA2 | 形 | 平均のfound by adding numbers and dividing by how many there are |
| contestA1 | 名 | コンテスト、競争an event where people try to win |
単語のレベル:CEFR-J(『CEFR-J Wordlist Version 1.6』 東京外国語大学投野由紀夫研究室. (URL: https://www.cefr-j.org/download.html より 2026年8月ダウンロード))
1. Reading Quiz 本文の内容に合うものを選ぼう
After about how long do most weather forecasts get much worse?
A. About two daysB. About two weeksC. About 20 yearsD. About two months
What does the new AI tool do?
A. It finds mistakes that come back again and again in old forecasts.B. It makes its own forecasts from nothing.C. It changes the weather.D. It writes tests for students.
How many years of old forecasts does the tool check?
A. About two yearsB. About four yearsC. About 200 yearsD. About 20 years
What happened in the contest in fall 2025?
A. The contest was canceled.B. A system using the tool came last.C. A system using the tool came first.D. No system using the tool took part.
2. True or False 正しければ T、違っていれば F
( ) Small mistakes in a forecast get smaller day by day.
( ) The AI tool checks old forecasts against the real weather.
( ) The tool doubled the average score of a European AI forecast system.
( ) The scores of forecasts three to four weeks ahead are now very high.
3. Fill in the Blanks 下の語から選んで空らんをうめよう(形を変えずに)
mistakesremovesusefulforecastsaveragejournal
The team's study has been published in the science _____ Nature.
Small _____ in a forecast grow bigger day by day.
By week three, the mistakes can hide the _____ information.
Then it finds the mistakes that come back again and again, and it _____ them.
In tests with weather data from 2025, the tool doubled the system's _____ score.
Scientists have used AI to make better _____ of the weather three to four weeks ahead.
4. Word Order 語を並べかえて正しい文にしよう
( bigger / Small / day / mistakes / by / forecast / day / grow / in / a ) .
( own / AI / new / its / The / does / not / tool / forecasts / make ) .
( the / are / still / But / scores / low ) .
5. Think and Write 英語で答えてみよう
If you knew the weather one month ahead, what would you plan?(1か月先の天気がわかったら、どんな予定を立てますか?)
How do you learn from your mistakes in tests?(テストのまちがいから、あなたはどうやって学んでいますか?)
Answers 解答
1. (1) B (2) A (3) D (4) C
2. (1) F (2) T (3) T (4) F
3. (1) journal (2) mistakes (3) useful (4) removes (5) average (6) forecasts
4.
- Small mistakes in a forecast grow bigger day by day.
- The new AI tool does not make its own forecasts.
- But the scores are still low.
全文訳
1科学者たちが、AIを使って、3〜4週間先の天気予報をよくしました。ほとんどの天気予報は、2週間くらいより先になると、ぐっと当たりにくくなります。チームの研究は、科学の雑誌「ネイチャー」にのりました。
2予報の中の小さなまちがいは、1日ごとに大きくなっていきます。3週目になると、まちがいが、役に立つ情報をかくしてしまうことがあります。
3新しいAIの道具は、自分では予報をしません。そのかわりに、約20年分の昔の予報を、実際の天気とくらべます。そして、何度もくり返されるまちがいを見つけて、取りのぞきます。昔のテストのまちがいを見直して勉強するのに、少し似ています。
4チームは、ヨーロッパの気象センターのAI予報のしくみで、この道具をためしました。2025年の天気のデータを使ったテストで、この道具は、そのしくみの平均の点数を2倍にしました。でも、点数はまだ低いままです。この道具を使ったしくみは、そのセンターが2025年の秋に開いたコンテストでも1位になりました。
文法ポイント:前置詞のあとの動名詞(like + ~ing)
前置詞(like・at・of など)のあとに動詞を置くときは ~ing の形(動名詞)にして「~すること」を表す。本文の It is a little like studying your old test mistakes.(昔のテストのまちがいを見直して勉強することに少し似ている)がその例。
出典:arXiv(論文の原稿。Nature 掲載論文と同じ研究)、ECMWF(ヨーロッパ中期予報センター)、Earth.com、GitHub(研究チームのプログラム公開ページ) ほか(記事は原田英語の時事英語ジュニアのオリジナル)|https://www.haradaeigo.com/jijieigo-junior/news/2026-11-12-ai-weather-forecast-two-weeks/