まずはこの3つ
- 冠詞と名詞の間はまず形容詞、be と過去分詞の間は副詞
- 後ろが名詞なら前置詞(despite)、文なら接続詞(although)
- 他動詞の後に目的語がなければ受動を疑う。時を表す語で時制
解く前の2秒:選択肢で型を決める
選択肢が同じ語の変化形なら品詞か動詞の形 → 空所の前後だけ見る。接続語の集まりなら後ろが名詞か文か。意味の違う語なら語彙問題 → 文全体と組み合わせ。全文を訳すのは語彙問題と、前後だけで決まらない時(時制・代名詞など) でよい。
1品詞:位置で決まる2020
空所の位置入るもの例
a/the __ 名詞形容詞(分詞・名詞も)a reliable supplier
冠詞+形容詞+__名詞a strong commitment
他動詞+__(目的語)名詞require approval
前置詞+__名詞・動名詞for approval / by using
be+__(補語)形容詞is responsible for
be+__+過去分詞副詞is carefully reviewed
have+__+過去分詞副詞has recently opened
完成した文+__副詞arrived promptly
__, S+V(文頭)副詞Fortunately, the rain stopped.
副詞+__+名詞形容詞a highly qualified engineer
所有格+__名詞their cooperation
名詞+__(複合名詞)名詞safety regulations
remain / become+__形容詞remain competitive
keep / find+O+__形容詞(分詞も)keep the area clean
__+形容詞副詞extremely popular
人か物か意味で選ぶapplicant(人)/ application(物)
-ly でも形容詞costly・timely・friendlya timely response
several / many+__可算名詞の複数several options
前置詞+__+目的語動名詞by reviewing the data
the+__+of名詞the expansion of the plant
2動詞の形:主語・態・時制2020
手がかり入るもの例
主語が3人称単数・現在3単現の -sEach employee receives a badge.
主語の後に長い修飾本当の主語に一致The results of the survey are ...
他動詞の後に目的語がない受動態The report was submitted.
他動詞の後に目的語がある能動態She submitted the report.
since+過去の時点現在完了has worked here since 2020
for the past+期間現在完了(進行形)have risen for the past year
by the time+現在形主節は未来完了が多いwill have finished by then
時・条件の副詞節未来でも現在形when the order arrives
last / ago / yesterday過去形was held last week
next / upcoming未来の表現will be announced next month
currently現在進行形などis currently reviewing
助動詞+__原形must submit / can be used
request / suggest that+S+__原形(仮定法現在)requests that he submit
感情を抱く側が主語過去分詞We were pleased with ...
感情を起こす側が主語現在分詞The results are encouraging.
名詞が動作を受ける+by / in過去分詞(後ろから修飾)products made in Japan
名詞+__+目的語現在分詞staff attending the meeting
look forward to+__動名詞(to は前置詞)look forward to meeting you
__, S+V(意味上受動)過去分詞の分詞構文Located near the station, the hotel ...
Please+__原形(命令文)Please contact the front desk.
3前置詞と接続詞1515
後ろが名詞なら前置詞、主語+動詞なら接続詞。
語品詞・意味例
despite / although前置詞/接続詞「〜にもかかわらず」despite the rain / although it rained
because of / because前置詞/接続詞「〜なので」because of the delay
during / while前置詞/接続詞「〜の間」during the meeting / while I was out
due to / owing to前置詞「〜が原因で」due to heavy traffic
prior to前置詞=beforeprior to the event
regarding前置詞=aboutquestions regarding the policy
by / until期限/継続by Friday(までに)/ until Friday(までずっと)
within前置詞「〜以内に」within three business days
as soon as接続詞「〜するとすぐ」as soon as it arrives
unless接続詞「〜しない限り」unless otherwise noted
once接続詞「いったん〜すれば」once the form is signed
whether A or B接続詞「AかBか」whether by mail or online
both A and B / either A or B相関の組み合わせeither Monday or Tuesday
not only A but also BAだけでなくBもnot only fast but also cheap
so that S can / in order to V目的「〜するために」so that everyone can attend
4代名詞1010
空所の位置入るもの例
__+名詞所有格their proposal
動詞・前置詞の後目的格contact them / for us
主語と目的語が同じ再帰代名詞introduce themselves
by+__再帰代名詞「一人で」finished it by herself
完成した文に強調で再帰代名詞The CEO herself attended.
__だけで名詞の代わり所有代名詞Her desk is next to mine.
__ who〜those「〜する人々」those who registered
前の名詞の代わり+ofthat(単数)/ those(複数)prices lower than those of rivals
お互いにeach other / one anotherwork with each other
2つのうち残り1つthe otherone in Tokyo, the other in Osaka
5関係詞1010
形入るもの例
人+__+動詞who(that も可)applicants who have experience
物+__+動詞which / thata policy that applies to all
先行詞+__+名詞+動詞whosea firm whose sales doubled
人+__+S+V(目的語欠け)whom / who / that(省略可)the person (whom) you met
先行詞なし+不完全な文what(〜するもの・こと)what customers want
場所+__+完全な文wherethe city where we opened a store
名詞+前置詞+__+S+Vwhich / whomthe room in which it was held
カンマ+__which / who / whom(that は不可), which was well received
__ wants it(誰でも)whoeverWhoever wants a copy can ask.
fact・news など+完全な文that(同格)the news that sales rose
6語彙・組み合わせ2525
意味が近い4語は「相棒の名詞」で切る。
表現意味ひっかけ
meet a deadline締め切りに間に合わせるkeep は不自然(make は口語で可)
place an order注文するput an order とは言わない
address a concern懸念に対処するaddress=取り組む
conduct a survey調査を行うcarry out も可
fill a position欠員を埋めるfill out a form(記入)と区別
reach an agreement合意に達するreach to とは言わない
attract customers客を引きつけるattend(出席)と混同注意
extend a deadline締め切りを延ばすexpand は規模を広げる
launch a product製品を発売するlaunch a campaign も
be eligible for〜の資格があるbe eligible to V も
be subject to change変更されることがあるto の後は名詞
be entitled to〜の権利があるto の後は名詞か原形
comply with(規則)に従う名詞は compliance with
in accordance with〜に従ってaccordance は with と組む
on behalf of〜を代表して・代わりに前置詞 on が問われる
as of〜付で・〜の時点でas of April 1
in advance前もってin advance of=〜より前に
ahead of schedule予定より早くbehind schedule=遅れて
free of charge無料でat no extra cost も
until further notice追って通知があるまで閉鎖・休止の告知で
remind A of B / to VAにBを思い出させるremind 人 that S も可。人を省くのは不可
inform A of B / thatAにBを知らせるinform to A は誤り
considerably+比較級ずっと〜very は比較級を強めない
be responsible for〜を担当しているfor の後は名詞・動名詞
be in charge of〜を担当しているof の後は名詞・動名詞
確認テスト
- 1The manager approved the budget proposal yesterday.正解は finally。主語と動詞の間 → 副詞
- 2The shipment to the warehouse last Monday.正解は was delivered。deliver は他動詞。目的語なし・last → 過去の受動
- 3the bad weather, the event was a great success.正解は Despite。後ろが名詞 → 前置詞
- 4Applicants résumés are incomplete will be contacted.正解は whose。後ろに名詞+動詞 → whose
- 5All staff must with the new safety rules.正解は comply。with と組むのは comply
- 6Prices are subject to without notice.正解は change。be subject to+名詞
参考にした資料
TOEIC Part5パターンを一覧にまとめ、A4 3枚で印刷できる無料PDFにしました。Web版は赤シート・覚えたチェック・カード・4択テストつき。