第24回 の解答
テーマ：消滅危機言語 正解は緑、解説・和訳・スクリプト・模範解答つき
語彙・熟語（大問1形式）
目安 2分30秒空所に入れるのに最も適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
訳：言語学者は、たとえ多くの大人がまだ流暢に話していても、子どもがもはやその言語を習得していない場合、その言語を消滅寸前であると表現する。
訳：日本北部の先住民族であるアイヌの人々は何世紀にもわたって北海道で暮らしてきたが、今日、その言語を流暢に話すのは一握りの高齢者だけである。
訳：長老たちは、手遅れになる前に、伝統的な歌や物語についての知識を若い世代に伝えたいと強く願っていた。
訳：若い世代が都市へ移り、標準語を話すようになるにつれて、その地方の方言の使用は次第に廃れていった。
訳：政府は予算をほかの優先事項に充てなければならないとして、言語再生事業に資金を提供するという以前の約束から手を引いた。
長文読解（大問3形式）
目安 4分30秒Reviving a Language
When a language loses its last native speakers, it is often considered dead. Yet the history of Hebrew shows that revival is possible. For nearly two thousand years, Hebrew was used mainly for religious and scholarly purposes rather than in everyday conversation. In the late nineteenth century, a movement began to restore it as a spoken language, and today it is the native tongue of millions of people in Israel. Hebrew's revival, however, benefited from unusual conditions, including a large body of written texts and strong political motivation. Most endangered languages have far fewer resources.
Modern revitalization efforts therefore rely on other approaches. One of the best known is the language nest, in which young children are cared for by fluent elders who speak only the traditional language. This method, pioneered by the Maori in New Zealand in the 1980s, has since been adopted in Hawaii and elsewhere, helping to create new generations of speakers. Such programs face serious challenges, however. Fluent teachers are often scarce and elderly, and children may stop using the language once they leave the program if it is not spoken at home or in the wider community.
Technology offers new possibilities, from archived recordings of elderly speakers to smartphone apps that allow learners to practice anywhere. Revival also raises difficult questions, however. The language spoken by new learners often differs from that of earlier generations, borrowing vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar from the dominant language. Some older speakers regard this as a loss of authenticity. Many linguists, however, argue that all living languages change over time and that such variation is a sign of vitality rather than failure.
リスニング（Part1 会話形式）
目安 2分M Grandma, can you teach me some words in the dialect you spoke when you were young?
W Of course! But why the sudden interest? When you were little, you used to laugh at the way I talked.
M I know. But in my linguistics class, we learned that many regional dialects in Japan are in danger of disappearing. Our professor asked us to record older relatives.
W Well, it's true that hardly anyone uses it anymore. At school, we were even scolded for speaking it instead of standard Japanese.
M That's terrible. Would you mind if I recorded you telling some stories?
W Not at all. I'll tell you the old tales my mother used to tell me.
スピーキング（面接No.3形式）
40秒Should the government spend money to protect minority languages?
💡 「言語＝文化・アイデンティティ」という論点は言語系の質問で必ず使える。
模範解答
はい、そうすべきだと思います。言語は共同体の文化、歴史、アイデンティティと密接に結びついているので、それを失うことは貴重な知識を失うことを意味します。また、言語は一度消えてしまうと取り戻すのは非常に困難です。授業や記録事業への政府の支援は、言語を将来の世代のために保存する助けになります。
💡 「言語＝文化・アイデンティティ」という論点は言語系の質問で必ず使える。