第39回 の解答
テーマ：サイバーセキュリティ 正解は緑、解説・和訳・スクリプト・模範解答つき
語彙・熟語（大問1形式）
目安 2分30秒空所に入れるのに最も適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
訳：ハッカーたちは、評判のよい取引先から届いたように見えるメールを従業員に送ることで、会社のネットワークに侵入することに成功した。
訳：その攻撃は病院のコンピューターシステムに大混乱をもたらし、職員は紙の記録に戻り、何十件もの手術を延期せざるを得なくなった。
訳：セキュリティの専門家によると、多くのサイバー攻撃が成功するのは高度な技術のためではなく、弱いパスワードを使ったり悪意のあるリンクをクリックしたりといった人為的ミスのためだという。
訳：IT部門は、セキュリティ更新を受けられなくなった古いパソコンを排除しようとしている。それらは特に攻撃を受けやすいからだ。
訳：システム障害の後、そのエンジニアは他部署がミスから学べるよう、事故について詳細な報告書をまとめるよう求められた。
長文読解（大問3形式）
目安 4分30秒The Rise of Ransomware
Ransomware is malicious software that locks or encrypts a victim's files and demands payment, usually in cryptocurrency, for their release. Once aimed mainly at individuals, attacks now frequently target hospitals, local governments, and manufacturers, whose operations can be paralyzed within minutes. Criminals increasingly steal sensitive data before encrypting it and threaten to publish it, adding pressure on victims to pay. Some groups even rent out their software to other criminals in exchange for a share of the profits, a business model that has allowed people with little technical skill to launch sophisticated attacks.
Whether victims should pay remains controversial. Paying may be the quickest way to restore essential services, such as access to a hospital's patient records, and some organizations conclude that it is cheaper than rebuilding their systems. However, payments provide funding for criminal groups, encouraging further attacks, and offer no guarantee that files will actually be restored or that stolen data will be deleted. For these reasons, many governments advise against paying, and some have debated banning ransom payments altogether, although critics warn that a ban could simply drive payments underground.
Experts emphasize that prevention is far more effective than response. Regularly backing up data and storing copies offline, for example, allows organizations to recover without negotiating with attackers. Keeping software up to date closes the security gaps that criminals commonly exploit. Training staff to recognize suspicious emails is also considered essential, since many attacks begin with a single careless click. Because smaller organizations often lack the resources to implement such measures, some governments now offer free security guidance and support.
リスニング（Part2 文章形式）
目安 2分🎙 In the past, passwords were considered the main line of defense for online accounts. Today, however, security specialists increasingly recommend multi-factor authentication, which requires users to provide a second form of proof, such as a code sent to their phone. Even if criminals obtain a password, they cannot access the account without this additional information. Studies by major technology companies suggest that the method blocks the vast majority of automated attacks. Nevertheless, it is not perfect. Some criminals now trick users into revealing their codes by pretending to be customer support staff, so users must remain cautious.
スピーキング（面接No.4形式）
40秒Cyberattacks on companies and government organizations are increasing.
Should schools teach students more about online security?
💡 「今の問題」と「将来の必要性」という時間軸で理由を分けると整理しやすい。
模範解答
はい、そう思います。第一に、若者はネット上で多くの時間を過ごしますが、その多くは個人情報の守り方を知りません。第二に、デジタル技術に関わる仕事が増えるにつれて、基本的なセキュリティの技能は学生が働き始めるときに不可欠になるでしょう。
💡 「今の問題」と「将来の必要性」という時間軸で理由を分けると整理しやすい。