第11回 の解答
テーマ：ベーシックインカム 正解は緑、解説・和訳・スクリプト・模範解答つき
語彙・熟語（大問1形式）
目安 2分30秒空所に入れるのに最も適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
訳：政府は来年度予算の一部を、選ばれた住民が毎月保証された収入を受け取る試験事業のために割り当てた。
訳：批判する人々は、頻繁な求職活動の報告など、失業手当に付けられた厳しい条件のせいで、多くの人がそもそも申請をためらっていると言う。
訳：反対派は、無条件のベーシックインカムは大幅な増税か国の借金の急増を必要とするため、国の財政の安定を危うくすると主張している。
訳：何十もの複雑な福祉制度を通じて少額のお金を小出しに配るのではなく、すべての国民に単一の簡素な給付を行うことを提案する経済学者もいる。
訳：批判者たちは、ベーシックインカムは人々の労働意欲を徐々にむしばむだろうと主張しているが、試験導入から得られた証拠はこの懸念を裏付けていない。
長文読解（大問3形式）
目安 4分30秒The Finnish Experiment
Between 2017 and 2018, Finland conducted one of the most closely watched experiments with basic income. Around two thousand unemployed people were randomly selected to receive a fixed monthly payment of several hundred euros without any conditions. Unlike ordinary unemployment benefits, the payment continued even if recipients found work. Supporters hoped this would address a common problem in welfare systems: people may avoid taking low-paid or part-time jobs because doing so would cause them to lose their benefits, leaving them little better off than before.
The results were mixed. Recipients were only slightly more likely to find employment than members of a comparison group who continued to receive ordinary benefits, so the program did not produce the dramatic boost to work that some had predicted. On the other hand, it did not reduce people's willingness to work either, contrary to the fears of some critics. Perhaps the clearest effect was on well-being: participants reported lower levels of stress, better health, and greater confidence in their future and in social institutions.
Interpreting these findings, however, is not straightforward. The trial was relatively small and short, and it included only unemployed people rather than the population as a whole. In addition, the government introduced changes to the unemployment system during the experiment, making it harder to isolate the effects of the basic income itself. Perhaps most importantly, a nationwide program would need to be financed through taxes, which could influence people's behavior in ways that a limited trial cannot capture. For these reasons, both supporters and opponents of basic income have claimed that the experiment supports their views.
リスニング（Part2 文章形式）
目安 2分🎙 Although basic income is often discussed as a new idea, the state of Alaska has been giving money to its residents for more than forty years. Since 1982, almost every resident has received an annual payment from the Alaska Permanent Fund, which invests income from the state's oil industry. The amount varies depending on the fund's performance, but it has usually ranged from several hundred dollars to around two thousand dollars per person. Because the payment is relatively small and comes only once a year, it is not a true basic income. Nevertheless, researchers have found that it did not reduce overall employment in the state. Part-time work actually increased slightly, possibly because the extra spending created more demand for local businesses.
スピーキング（面接No.4形式）
40秒Some countries have experimented with giving all citizens a regular income.
Do you think Japan should introduce a basic income system?
💡 反対意見でも「代わりにどうすべきか」を添えると建設的な印象になる。
模範解答
いいえ、そうは思いません。すべての国民に意味のある額のお金を支給するには莫大な費用がかかり、大幅な増税が必要になります。また、ひとり親や障がいのある人など、本当に支援を必要としている人により多くの支援をするほうが公平でしょう。
💡 反対意見でも「代わりにどうすべきか」を添えると建設的な印象になる。