第7回 の解答
テーマ：遺伝子編集 正解は緑、解説・和訳・スクリプト・模範解答つき
語彙・熟語（大問1形式）
目安 2分30秒空所に入れるのに最も適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
訳：研究者たちは、遺伝子編集技術がいつの日か、現在世界中で何百万人もが罹患している鎌状赤血球症のような遺伝性疾患を根絶できることを期待している。
訳：その心臓疾患は遺伝性なので、医師は患者の子ども全員が、誰にも症状がなかったにもかかわらず検査を受けるよう勧めた。
訳：ヒト胚への遺伝子編集の使用は依然として大いに議論を呼んでおり、世界的な禁止を求める科学者もいれば、それが大きな苦しみを防げると主張する科学者もいる。
訳：何か月もの交渉の末、規制当局と農業団体はついに、ゲノム編集作物の検査および表示の方法を定める一連の規則をまとめ上げた。
訳：そのドキュメンタリーは遺伝子編集の倫理的問題を軽く扱ったとして批判された。ほぼ利点ばかりに焦点を当て、起こりうるリスクにはほとんど触れなかったのだ。
長文読解（大問3形式）
目安 4分30秒Editing the Food Supply
While gene editing in humans remains highly controversial, its use in agriculture is advancing rapidly. Unlike traditional genetic modification, which often involves inserting DNA from another species, tools such as CRISPR allow scientists to make small, precise changes to a plant's existing genes. Researchers have used the technique to develop tomatoes with higher nutritional value and to create varieties of wheat and rice that are more resistant to disease. Because the process is faster and cheaper than conventional breeding, it has attracted the interest of both large companies and small research institutes.
How to regulate such crops, however, has become a matter of debate. Because some of these changes could, in theory, occur naturally or through traditional breeding, several countries, including Japan, have decided not to regulate certain gene-edited crops as strictly as conventional genetically modified organisms. Other governments have been more cautious, treating most forms of genetic engineering in a similar way. Supporters of lighter rules argue that excessive regulation would slow the development of crops able to survive droughts and feed growing populations. They add that it would leave the technology in the hands of the few corporations able to afford lengthy approval processes.
Critics, however, argue that the long-term ecological effects of these crops remain unknown and that consumers have a right to know how their food was produced. They are calling for clear labeling so that shoppers can make informed choices. Some also worry that patents on gene-edited seeds could make farmers increasingly dependent on a small number of companies. Whether the technology fulfills its promise may therefore depend as much on public trust as on scientific progress.
リスニング（Part2 文章形式）
目安 2分🎙 Every year, malaria kills hundreds of thousands of people, most of them young children in Africa. Scientists are now testing a controversial technology called a gene drive to fight the disease. Normally, a gene has about a fifty percent chance of being passed from a parent to its offspring. A gene drive increases this probability to nearly one hundred percent, allowing a trait to spread through an entire population within a few generations. Researchers have designed gene drives that make female mosquitoes unable to reproduce, which could dramatically reduce the insects' numbers. However, many environmental groups are concerned. Once released, a gene drive would be almost impossible to recall, and removing a species could have unexpected effects on the ecosystem.
スピーキング（面接No.4形式）
40秒Advances in genetic technology are making it possible to change the DNA of living things.
Should parents be allowed to use gene editing to prevent their children from having serious diseases?
💡 倫理的な問題は「条件付き賛成（under strict rules）」にすると反論されにくい。
模範解答
はい、厳格なルールのもとでなら認められるべきだと思います。深刻な遺伝病は子どもとその家族に大きな苦しみをもたらすので、それを防げれば多くの人生が改善されます。加えて、社会の長期的な医療費を削減できる可能性もあります。ただし、外見や知能のような特性を選ぶためにこの技術を使うことは禁止すべきです。
💡 倫理的な問題は「条件付き賛成（under strict rules）」にすると反論されにくい。