第3回 の解答
テーマ：AIと雇用 正解は緑、解説・和訳・スクリプト・模範解答つき
語彙・熟語（大問1形式）
目安 2分30秒空所に入れるのに最も適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
訳：今後10年で人工知能が何百万人もの事務職の労働者に取って代わると予測する経済学者もいれば、主に新しい種類の仕事を生み出すと考える経済学者もいる。
訳：その新しい診断ソフトウェアは医師に取って代わるのではなく、医師の能力を増強するように設計されている。医師がより速く判断できるよう、X線画像の問題の可能性がある箇所を強調表示するのだ。
訳：今や機械は多くの定型業務をこなせるが、共感力や創造的な問題解決力といった技能は、看護や教育のような分野で依然として不可欠である。
訳：その保険会社は、スタッフを増やす代わりに、定型的なデータ入力業務を、AIソフトで書類を自動処理する会社に外注することにした。
訳：生成AIによって一部のウェブサイトが低品質な記事を1日に何百本も量産できるようになり、読者が信頼できる情報を見つけにくくなっていると批評家たちは不満を述べている。
長文読解（大問3形式）
目安 4分30秒Automation and the Middle-Skill Worker
For much of the twentieth century, technological change tended to reward workers with higher levels of education. In recent decades, however, economists have observed a pattern known as job polarization. Automation has eliminated many middle-skill jobs, such as clerical work and factory assembly, because these involve routine tasks that follow clear rules and can therefore be performed by computers. Meanwhile, demand has grown at both ends of the labor market: for highly skilled professionals and for lower-paid service workers whose jobs require physical flexibility or personal interaction.
Generative AI has complicated this picture. Unlike earlier machines, it can handle tasks once thought to require human judgment, such as drafting reports, writing computer code, and analyzing data. Some researchers therefore fear that it will extend polarization into white-collar professions that previously seemed safe. Others, however, suggest that AI may actually benefit less experienced workers the most. One study of customer service agents found that an AI assistant substantially raised the productivity of newer employees, apparently by passing on techniques used by top performers, while having little effect on veterans. If this pattern holds more widely, the technology could narrow skill gaps rather than widen them.
Economists caution, however, that the outcome is not predetermined. Whether AI complements or replaces workers depends largely on how companies choose to use it. A firm might use the same software to help its staff serve more customers or simply to reduce the size of its workforce. Moreover, even when productivity rises, there is no guarantee that workers will share in the gains through higher wages. For this reason, many experts argue that policies on training and labor protection will shape the effects of AI as much as the technology itself.
リスニング（Part2 文章形式）
目安 2分🎙 In 2017, a proposal known as the robot tax attracted international attention. The idea was simple. Companies that replace human workers with machines should pay a tax, and the money could be used to retrain people who lose their jobs. Supporters argued that this would slow the pace of automation and give society time to adjust. However, the proposal faced strong opposition. Critics pointed out that it is difficult to define what counts as a robot, since automation often takes the form of software rather than physical machines. They also warned that such a tax could discourage investment in productivity. In the end, the European Parliament rejected the idea, though the debate continues today.
スピーキング（面接No.4形式）
40秒Artificial intelligence is being used in a growing number of workplaces.
Do you think the spread of AI will do more harm than good to workers?
💡 Although ～ で反対側の意見を一度認めてから自分の立場を述べると、バランスのよい回答になる。
模範解答
いいえ、そうは思いません。一部の定型的な仕事はなくなるかもしれませんが、AIは退屈で反復的な作業を引き受けてくれるので、人々はより創造的な仕事に集中できます。加えて、歴史を見ると、新しい技術は通常、データアナリストやAIトレーナーのような新しい種類の仕事を生み出してきました。
💡 Although ～ で反対側の意見を一度認めてから自分の立場を述べると、バランスのよい回答になる。