第45回 の解答
テーマ：渡り鳥 正解は緑、解説・和訳・スクリプト・模範解答つき
語彙・熟語（大問1形式）
目安 2分30秒空所に入れるのに最も適切なものを1つ選びなさい。
訳：渡り鳥の中には外洋を越えて何千キロも休まずに飛ぶものがおり、その驚くべき持久力は長い間科学者たちを魅了してきた。
訳：海岸沿いの中継地で、渡りをするシギ・チドリ類はゴカイや貝を食べて脂肪の蓄えを補充し、それから旅を続ける。
訳：嵐の強風によって、初めての渡りをする若い鳥がコースから何百キロもそれてしまうことがある。
訳：小型の追跡装置を使って、科学者たちは鳥の旅が数週間にわたってどのように展開したか、どこで休みどれほどの速さで飛んだかを含めて観察することができた。
訳：11日間ノンストップで飛んだ後、疲れ切った鳥たちはついにニュージーランドの干潟に降り立ち、すぐに餌を食べ始めた。
長文読解（大問3形式）
目安 4分30秒The Longest Flights
Every autumn, the bar-tailed godwit, a shorebird, flies from Alaska to New Zealand without stopping to eat, drink, or rest. In 2022, a young bird fitted with a satellite tag reportedly completed the journey of more than 13,000 kilometers in about eleven days, setting a record for nonstop bird migration. To prepare, godwits feed intensively for weeks, and their fat stores can account for more than half of their body weight. Remarkably, they also shrink some internal organs, such as parts of the digestive system, that are not needed during the flight, while enlarging others, such as the heart and flight muscles.
How birds find their way over such vast distances remains only partly understood. Researchers believe that many species combine several cues, including the position of the sun and stars, landmarks such as coastlines, and the Earth's magnetic field, which some birds appear able to sense. Godwits also seem to time their departures to take advantage of favorable winds, which can greatly reduce the energy the journey requires. Because young birds make their first migration without their parents, at least part of this ability appears to be inherited rather than learned.
Such journeys also depend on stopover sites where birds can rest and refuel. For godwits, the mudflats of the Yellow Sea in East Asia are especially important on the return trip north. However, many of these wetlands have been reclaimed for agriculture and industry in recent decades, and populations of several shorebird species that rely on them have declined sharply. Conservationists stress that protecting a migratory species requires cooperation among all the countries along its route, since losing even one key site can threaten the entire journey.
リスニング（Part2 文章形式）
目安 2分🎙 How do young birds know where to migrate? For some species, the route appears to be largely inherited. Experiments with blackcaps, a small European songbird, have shown that birds raised in captivity still try to fly in the direction typical of their parents' population when the migration season arrives. In other species, such as cranes and geese, young birds learn the route by following older family members. This difference has practical consequences. When conservationists reintroduced whooping cranes in North America, they used small aircraft to guide young birds along a migration route, since there were no adults to teach them.
スピーキング（面接No.4形式）
40秒Many migratory birds depend on wetlands that are disappearing because of development.
Should protecting nature be given priority over economic development?
💡 「自然保護は結局、経済のためにもなる」と相手の論点を取り込むと強い理由になる。
模範解答
はい、そう思います。第一に、湿地のような自然の生息地は一度破壊されると元に戻すことはほぼ不可能で、多くの種が永久に姿を消すかもしれません。第二に、健全な生態系はきれいな水や洪水防止といった恩恵をもたらし、それは長い目で見れば経済にとっても不可欠です。
💡 「自然保護は結局、経済のためにもなる」と相手の論点を取り込むと強い理由になる。