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早稲田大学 社会科学部 英語攻略チートシート確認問題集

早稲田社会科学部型の確認問題22問。記事型長文の空所・語彙言い換え・主旨・TWO型内容一致と、英英の言い換えを本番の形で。

正解 0 / 22

Ⅰ 次の英文を読み、設問に答えよ

[1] When Maria Lopez returned a stack of overdue picture books to her local library last spring, she prepared herself for a fine. Instead, the librarian simply thanked her. The city had abolished late fees the month before, and Ms. Lopez, who had stopped visiting because she owed more than $40, began bringing her children back every week. [2] Her story is far from unusual. Over the past decade, hundreds of libraries in North America have scrapped overdue fines, a movement spearheaded(ア) by librarians who saw fines as a barrier rather than a tool. Fines, they argue, raise little money while driving away the very people libraries are meant to serve. ( 1 ), when fines were removed in several cities, officials reported that many borrowers who had stayed away for years came back, often returning long-overdue books. [3] Not everyone welcomed the change. Some critics decried(イ) it as rewarding irresponsible behavior, warning that without penalties, popular titles would disappear from the shelves. So far, however, such fears appear to have been exaggerated. Most libraries that ended fines report that books are returned at roughly the same rate as before, and some have found that the cost of collecting small fines was close to the amount the fines brought in. [4] Whether the policy succeeds may ultimately ( 2 ) on what libraries are for. If they are businesses that rent out books, fines make sense. If they are public spaces meant to give everyone access to knowledge, then a policy that keeps people away, however small the sums involved, may cost far more than it earns.

本文の訳を見る

[1] 昨年の春、マリア・ロペスさんは延滞していた絵本の束を地元の図書館に返しに行ったとき、罰金を覚悟していた。ところが司書はただお礼を言っただけだった。市はその前の月に延滞料を廃止していたのだ。40ドル以上の借りがあるせいで通わなくなっていたロペスさんは、毎週子どもたちを連れてまた来るようになった。[2] 彼女の話は決して珍しいものではない。この10年で、北米の何百もの図書館が延滞料を廃止してきた。この動きの先頭に立ったのは、罰金を道具ではなく障壁と見なした図書館員たちだった。彼らによれば、罰金はほとんどお金にならないうえに、図書館が本来役に立つべき人々そのものを遠ざけてしまう。実際、いくつかの市で罰金をなくしたところ、何年も足が遠のいていた多くの利用者が戻ってきて、長く延滞していた本を返すことも多かったと当局は報告している。[3] この変化を誰もが歓迎したわけではない。無責任な行動にごほうびを与えるものだと公然と非難し、罰則がなければ人気の本が棚から消えてしまうと警告する批判者もいた。しかし今のところ、そうした心配は大げさだったようだ。罰金をやめた図書館の大半は、本の返却率は以前とほぼ変わらないと報告しており、少額の罰金を集める費用が罰金の収入とほとんど同じだったとわかった図書館もある。[4] この政策が成功するかどうかは、結局のところ、図書館は何のためにあるのかで決まるのかもしれない。図書館が本を貸し出す事業なら、罰金は理にかなっている。だが、すべての人に知識へのアクセスを与えるための公共の場なら、人を遠ざける政策は、たとえ金額がどれほど小さくても、得る以上のものを失わせるかもしれない。

  1. 1
    Choose the best word or phrase for ( 1 ).
  2. 2
    Choose the best word for ( 2 ).
  3. 3
    Which of the following is closest in meaning to (ア) spearheaded?
  4. 4
    Which of the following is closest in meaning to (イ) decried?
  5. 5
    Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
  6. 6
    Which TWO of the following agree with the passage? ① Ms. Lopez had stopped going to the library because of money she owed. ② Most libraries that ended fines found that books came back much later than before. ③ Some libraries found that collecting fines cost almost as much as the fines raised. ④ The writer argues that libraries should be run like businesses. ⑤ Critics argued that the fines were too low to change people's behavior.

Ⅱ 次の英文を読み、設問に答えよ

[1] Ten years ago, buying secondhand clothes carried a certain stigma. Today, resale apps let millions of people buy and sell used jackets and sneakers with a few taps, and the resale market is growing faster than the clothing industry as a whole. [2] Supporters say the trend could help curtail(ア) the environmental damage caused by fashion, since every garment that is worn longer means one fewer garment that has to be made. ( 1 ), some researchers are skeptical. They note that cheap resale may simply encourage people to buy more, treating clothes as items to be worn a few times and then sold on. If that happens, the total number of clothes produced may not fall at all. [3] The impact of resale, in other words, ( 2 ) less on the technology itself than on how consumers use it. An app that helps people keep clothes in use longer could mark a watershed(イ) for the industry; one that merely speeds up the cycle of buying and discarding would change little.

本文の訳を見る

[1] 10年前、古着を買うことにはある種の偏見がつきまとっていた。今では、転売アプリのおかげで何百万もの人が数回タップするだけで中古のジャケットやスニーカーを売り買いでき、中古市場は衣料業界全体よりも速く成長している。[2] 支持者は、この流れがファッションによる環境破壊を抑える助けになりうると言う。1着の服を長く着れば、それだけ新しく作らなければならない服が1着減るからだ。しかし、懐疑的な研究者もいる。安い転売は人々にもっと服を買わせるだけかもしれない、と彼らは指摘する。服を数回着たら売ってしまう品物として扱うようになるというのだ。そうなれば、生産される服の総数はまったく減らないかもしれない。[3] つまり、転売の影響は、技術そのものよりも、消費者がそれをどう使うかに左右される。人々が服を長く使い続けるのを助けるアプリなら業界の転換点になりうるが、買っては捨てるサイクルを速めるだけのアプリなら、ほとんど何も変わらないだろう。

  1. 7
    Choose the best word or phrase for ( 1 ).
  2. 8
    Choose the best word for ( 2 ).
  3. 9
    Which of the following is closest in meaning to (ア) curtail?
  4. 10
    Which of the following is closest in meaning to (イ) watershed?
  5. 11
    Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
  6. 12
    Which TWO of the following agree with the passage? ① The resale market is growing more slowly than the clothing industry overall. ② Buying secondhand clothes was once viewed negatively by some people. ③ The writer believes resale apps will certainly reduce clothing production. ④ Some researchers fear that resale may lead people to buy more clothes. ⑤ Resale apps were developed by major fashion brands.

Ⅲ 下線部の意味に最も近いものを選べ

  1. 13
    The decision to raise tuition provoked a fierce backlash from students.
  2. 14
    Traditional gender roles remain deeply entrenched in some workplaces.
  3. 15
    The committee whittled down the list of fifty candidates to three.
  4. 16
    Planting trees along streets can mitigate the effects of extreme heat.
  5. 17
    The link between the two events is tenuous at best.
  6. 18
    Reporters will scrutinize every detail of the new budget.
  7. 19
    The town's population has dwindled since the factory closed.
  8. 20
    The new law ushered in a period of rapid change.
  9. 21
    Fake news websites proliferated during the election campaign.
  10. 22
    The company is facing an unprecedented crisis.
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早稲田大学 社会科学部 英語攻略チートシート(A4 2枚)

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