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評論文の論理展開パターン10(対比・因果・譲歩→主張)確認問題集

論理展開パターンの確認問題23問。型の判定と短い評論の読解で、主張の位置を予測する力を試す。

正解 0 / 23

Ⅰ 英文の展開の型として最も適切なものを選べ

  1. 1
    Many people believe that eating late at night causes weight gain. However, recent studies suggest that the total amount of food we eat matters far more than the time we eat it.
  2. 2
    Admittedly, school uniforms can be expensive for some families. Nevertheless, they reduce the pressure on students to wear fashionable clothes.
  3. 3
    Many small towns are losing their only bookstores. One way to keep them open is for local governments to offer them lower rents.
  4. 4
    Cats tend to hunt alone, whereas lions usually hunt in groups.
  5. 5
    A long period without rain dried out the soil. As a result, crops failed, and food prices rose across the region.
  6. 6
    Fifty years ago, most Japanese families ate dinner together every evening. Today, many family members eat at different times because of work and after-school activities.
  7. 7
    The term "food miles" refers to the distance that food travels from the place where it is produced to the place where it is eaten.
  8. 8
    There are three main ways in which plants spread their seeds: by wind, by water, and by animals.
  9. 9
    When my bicycle broke down in a small village, an old man spent an hour fixing it and refused to take any money. Experiences like this remind us that strangers are often kinder than we expect.
  10. 10
    Scientists wanted to know whether children learn new words better from books or from videos. They taught two groups the same words in different ways and tested them a week later.

Ⅱ 次の英文を読み、問いに答えよ

Many people believe that teenagers are sleepy in the morning simply because they stay up late playing games or chatting online. Parents often tell them to go to bed earlier, assuming that the problem is a lack of self-control. However, sleep research points to a different cause. During adolescence, the body begins to release melatonin, the hormone that makes us feel sleepy, one to two hours later at night than it did in childhood. As a result, many teenagers find it hard to fall asleep before eleven, even when they try. Forcing them to get up at six or seven therefore leaves them short of sleep. For this reason, some schools in the United States have moved their start times later, and several of them have reported that students are more alert in class.

本文の訳を見る

多くの人は、10代の若者が朝眠そうなのは、単にゲームやネットでのおしゃべりで夜ふかしをするからだと思っている。親はたいてい、問題は自制心の不足だと決めつけて、もっと早く寝なさいと言う。しかし睡眠の研究は、別の原因を指摘している。思春期になると、体が私たちを眠くさせるホルモンであるメラトニンを、子どもの頃より夜1〜2時間遅く分泌し始めるのだ。その結果、多くの10代は、寝ようと努力しても11時前には寝つけない。だから彼らを6時や7時に起こすと、睡眠不足になってしまう。こうした理由から、アメリカでは始業時刻を遅らせた学校もあり、そのうちのいくつかは、生徒が授業中に以前より頭がさえていると報告している。

  1. 11
    この英文の展開の型として最も適切なものは。
  2. 12
    筆者の主張に最も近いものは。
  3. 13
    本文に述べられている因果の流れとして正しいものは。
  4. 14
    下線部 a different cause の different は、何と「異なる」と言っているか。

Ⅲ 次の英文を読み、問いに答えよ

Food waste is a serious problem in many wealthy countries. In Japan, millions of tons of food that could still be eaten are thrown away every year. Part of this waste comes from homes, where people buy more than they need and forget about items at the back of the fridge. Another part comes from stores, which often remove products from their shelves long before they actually go bad. To reduce waste at home, families should plan their meals and check what they already have before shopping. Stores, for their part, could sell food that is close to its expiration date at lower prices instead of throwing it away. Neither solution is difficult, but both require us to see food as something valuable rather than something cheap and easy to replace.

本文の訳を見る

食品ロスは、多くの豊かな国で深刻な問題になっている。日本では毎年、まだ食べられる何百万トンもの食品が捨てられている。このロスの一部は家庭から出ている。家庭では、人々は必要以上に買い、冷蔵庫の奥の食品のことを忘れてしまうのだ。別の一部は店から出ている。店は、商品が実際に傷むずっと前に棚から下ろしてしまうことが多い。家庭でのロスを減らすには、家族は献立を立て、買い物の前にすでに家にある物を確認すべきだ。店のほうは、期限の近い食品を捨てる代わりに値下げして売ることもできるだろう。どちらの解決策も難しくはないが、どちらにも、食べ物を安くて簡単に買いかえられる物ではなく、価値ある物として見ることが求められる。

  1. 15
    この英文の展開の型として最も適切なものは。
  2. 16
    本文で、家庭の食品ロスの原因として挙げられているものは。
  3. 17
    本文で対応づけられている「原因」と「解決策」の組み合わせとして正しいものは。
  4. 18
    筆者の考えに最も近いものは。

Ⅳ 次の英文を読み、問いに答えよ

Do plants grow better when people talk to them? To find out, a group of students carried out an experiment with forty young tomato plants. They divided the plants into two groups of twenty and kept them in the same room, giving them the same amount of water and light. Every morning, the students read aloud to one group for ten minutes, while the other group heard nothing. After eight weeks, the plants that had been read to were slightly taller on average. However, the difference was small, and the students admitted that it might have been caused by other factors, such as small differences in temperature between the two sides of the room. They concluded that talking to plants may have a small effect, but that more careful experiments are needed.

本文の訳を見る

人が話しかけると、植物はよく育つのだろうか。それを確かめるため、ある生徒たちのグループがトマトの苗40本を使って実験を行った。苗を20本ずつ2つのグループに分け、同じ部屋に置いて、同じ量の水と光を与えた。毎朝、生徒たちは一方のグループに10分間本を読み聞かせ、もう一方のグループには何も聞かせなかった。8週間後、読み聞かせをした苗のほうが平均してわずかに背が高かった。しかし差は小さく、生徒たちは、部屋の両側のわずかな温度差など、ほかの要因によるものかもしれないと認めた。彼らは、植物に話しかけることには小さな効果があるかもしれないが、もっと慎重な実験が必要だと結論づけた。

  1. 19
    本文の内容と一致するものは。
  2. 20
    生徒たちの結論の強さを最も正しく表しているものは。
  3. 21
    仮説→検証の型で「方法」にあたる文は。

Ⅴ 英文の展開の型を答え、問いに日本語で答えよ

  1. 22
    It is true that online classes allow students to study anywhere. But they cannot fully replace classrooms, where students learn by talking with each other face to face. 型と筆者の主張を答えよ。
  2. 23
    In the past, travelers had to ask local people for directions. Today, smartphones guide us everywhere, and as a result, we talk less with the people who live in the places we visit. 型と、筆者が述べる変化の影響を答えよ。
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評論文の論理展開パターン10(対比・因果・譲歩→主張)(A4 2枚)

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