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英検1級 二次 予想トピック 90 ・ 🏛️ 政治・行政・法 ・ A or B

Elected politicians or national referendums: which is the better way to decide major national issues?

選挙で選ばれた政治家と国民投票。国の重要な問題を決めるのに良い方法はどちらか。

このトピックを選ぶべき人

イギリスのEU離脱やスイスの国民投票など、海外の政治の例を出せる人向け。

骨組み理由3つ（どちらの立場でも話せる）

賛成（Yes）で話すなら

I believe major national issues should generally be decided by elected politicians.

  1. expertiseComplex issues such as trade or security require detailed knowledge. Politicians and their advisers have time to study these issues, while most voters do not.
  2. compromiseIn parliament, different groups can negotiate and reach a balanced solution. A referendum usually offers only a simple yes-or-no choice.
  3. misinformationReferendum campaigns can be strongly influenced by emotional slogans and false information. The UK's vote to leave the EU is often cited as an example of how divisive a referendum can be.

反対（No）で話すなら

I believe referendums are the better way to decide major national issues.

  1. legitimacyWhen people vote directly, the result has strong legitimacy. Decisions that change a country's future should not be left to politicians alone.
  2. public interestReferendums encourage people to learn about and discuss important issues. In Switzerland, for example, citizens regularly vote on a wide range of national questions.
  3. checking politiciansPoliticians may be influenced by donors or party interests. Referendums allow the public to decide issues that politicians would rather avoid.

想定質疑面接委員はこう突っ込んでくる

QJapan has never held a national referendum. Should it?

I think Japan should be prepared to hold one, because the Constitution cannot be amended without one. Before that, however, schools and the media need to help people understand the issues. A referendum without enough public discussion could be dangerous.

Q：日本では国民投票が一度も行われていません。行うべきですか。
A：憲法を改正するには国民投票が欠かせないので、日本は実施に備えておくべきだと思います。ただその前に、学校やメディアが、人々が論点を理解できるよう手助けする必要があります。国民の議論が十分でないままの国民投票は危険になりえます。

QCan ordinary citizens really understand complex issues?

I believe they can, if they are given enough time and clear information. People make complex decisions in their own lives every day. The problem is not citizens' ability but the quality of the information they receive.

Q：一般の市民に、複雑な問題が本当に理解できるでしょうか。
A：十分な時間と分かりやすい情報があれば、理解できると思います。人は毎日、自分の生活の中で複雑な判断をしています。問題は市民の能力ではなく、受け取る情報の質なのです。

QWhat kinds of issues are suitable for a referendum?

I think issues about basic values, such as changing the Constitution, are suitable. On the other hand, technical issues like tax rates or budget details are better left to experts and parliament. The key is to choose questions that can be answered with a clear choice.

Q：どんな問題が国民投票に向いていますか。
A：憲法改正のような、基本的な価値観に関わる問題が向いていると思います。一方、税率や予算の細かい点など専門的な問題は、専門家と議会に任せた方がよいでしょう。大切なのは、はっきりした選択で答えられる問いを選ぶことです。

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