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英検1級 二次 予想トピック 89 ・ 🏛️ 政治・行政・法 ・ Agree or disagree

Agree or disagree: The world's richest people should pay a special tax on their wealth

賛成か反対か：世界の超富裕層は、資産に対して特別な税を払うべきだ

このトピックを選ぶべき人

格差や税の公平さに関心があり、「所得」と「資産」の違いを説明できる人向け。

骨組み理由3つ（どちらの立場でも話せる）

賛成（Yes）で話すなら

I agree that the world's richest people should pay a special tax on their wealth.

  1. low tax ratesVery wealthy people often gain most of their money from rising stock prices, which are not taxed until the stocks are sold. As a result, some billionaires pay a lower tax rate than ordinary workers.
  2. inequalityExtreme concentrations of wealth can give a small number of people too much political and economic influence. A wealth tax can help reduce this gap.
  3. public fundingEven a small tax on the very largest fortunes could raise a lot of money for things like education and climate action. This idea has been discussed at the G20.

反対（No）で話すなら

I disagree. A special tax on wealth sounds fair, but it is unlikely to work well in practice.

  1. capital flightThe very rich can easily move themselves and their money to countries with lower taxes. Several European countries have abolished their wealth taxes partly for this reason.
  2. valuation problemsIt is hard to measure the value of assets such as private companies or artworks every year. This makes the tax complicated and expensive to collect.
  3. investmentMuch of the wealth of the rich is invested in companies that create jobs. Taxing it heavily could reduce investment and slow economic growth.

想定質疑面接委員はこう突っ込んでくる

QWouldn't the rich simply move to countries without such a tax?

That is the biggest problem. That's why I think it should be introduced through international cooperation, like the global minimum tax on large companies that many countries have agreed to. If major economies act together, it becomes much harder to escape.

Q：富裕層は、そうした税のない国へ移るだけではありませんか。
A：それが最大の問題です。だからこそ、多くの国が合意した大企業へのグローバル・ミニマム課税のように、国際協力によって導入すべきだと思います。主要国が足並みをそろえれば、逃れるのはずっと難しくなります。

QShould Japan introduce a wealth tax?

I think Japan should first consider taxing income from investments more fairly, because that is easier to collect. A full wealth tax would be difficult for one country to introduce alone. However, Japan could actively support international discussions on the issue.

Q：日本は富裕税を導入すべきですか。
A：日本はまず、徴収しやすい投資の収益への課税をより公平にすることを考えるべきだと思います。本格的な富裕税を一国だけで導入するのは難しいでしょう。ただ、この問題をめぐる国際的な議論を、日本が積極的に後押しすることはできます。

QIs it fair to tax people simply for being successful?

I understand that feeling. Success through hard work and new ideas should be rewarded. However, the very rich also benefit greatly from what society provides, such as educated workers and stable laws. Asking them to contribute a little more is a way of sharing the costs of that system.

Q：成功したというだけで課税するのは公平でしょうか。
A：その気持ちは分かります。努力や新しいアイデアによる成功は報われるべきです。しかし超富裕層も、教育を受けた働き手や安定した法制度など、社会が提供するものから大きな恩恵を受けています。もう少し多く負担してもらうことは、その仕組みのコストを分かち合う方法なのです。

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