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英検1級 二次 予想トピック 49 ・ 🌏 国際・観光・多文化 ・ Is ~ worth ~?

Is foreign aid worth the cost when there are so many problems at home?

国内に多くの問題を抱えているのに、海外への援助は費用に見合うか。

このトピックを選ぶべき人

ODAなどの国際協力について、日本の役割から話せる人向け。

骨組み理由3つ（どちらの立場でも話せる）

賛成（Yes）で話すなら

I believe foreign aid is worth the cost, even when there are problems at home.

  1. global problemsMany problems, such as infectious diseases and climate change, do not stop at national borders. Helping poorer countries fight disease, for example, also protects people in Japan.
  2. national interestAid builds trust and good relationships with other countries. Japan's support for building roads, ports, and railways in Southeast Asia has helped create strong economic partnerships.
  3. moral dutyAs one of the world's wealthier countries, Japan has a responsibility to help people in extreme poverty. Japan itself received international loans after World War II, which helped it rebuild.

反対（No）で話すなら

I don't believe foreign aid is always worth the cost when there are serious problems at home.

  1. domestic needsJapan faces huge costs for pensions, healthcare, and disaster recovery. Many taxpayers feel that their money should be used to solve these problems first.
  2. effectivenessAid does not always reach the people who need it. In some cases, money has been lost to corruption or spent on projects that local people did not want.
  3. dependenceLong-term aid can make countries rely on outside help instead of developing their own economies. Trade and private investment may be more effective ways to reduce poverty.

模範スピーチ賛成の立場で2分（259語）

序論Thank you. I'd like to talk about whether foreign aid is worth the cost when a country has many problems at home. I believe it is, for three reasons: global risks, national interest, and moral responsibility. 理由1First, many of today's problems do not stop at national borders. The COVID-19 pandemic showed that a disease in one part of the world can quickly reach every country. When Japan helps poorer countries improve their healthcare systems and supply vaccines, it is also protecting people here at home. In this sense, aid is not just charity but prevention. 理由2Second, aid serves Japan's own interests. For decades, Japan has helped build roads, ports, and railways in Southeast Asia. These projects have created trust and strong economic ties, and many Japanese companies now do business in the region. At a time when some major donors have cut their aid budgets, Japan's support can also increase its influence. 理由3Third, as one of the world's wealthier nations, Japan has a moral responsibility. After World War II, Japan itself received international loans that helped it rebuild, including loans for the first Shinkansen line. Helping other countries in the same way is a natural way to repay that support. 譲歩Admittedly, Japan has serious problems of its own, such as its aging population. However, foreign aid is only a small part of the national budget, so cutting it would not solve these problems. まとめIn conclusion, because it reduces global risks, supports Japan's interests, and fulfills a moral duty, I believe foreign aid is well worth the cost. Thank you.

和訳

ありがとうございます。国内に多くの問題を抱えているときに、海外への援助は費用に見合うかについてお話しします。私は見合うと考えます。理由は3つ、世界規模のリスク、国益、そして道義的な責任です。 第一に、今日の問題の多くは国境で止まりません。新型コロナのパンデミックは、世界のどこかで起きた病気があっという間にすべての国に届くことを示しました。日本が貧しい国の医療制度を強化したりワクチンを届けたりすることは、ここ日本の人々を守ることでもあります。その意味で、援助は単なる慈善ではなく予防なのです。 第二に、援助は日本自身の利益になります。日本は何十年にもわたり、東南アジアで道路や港、鉄道の建設を支援してきました。こうした事業は信頼と強い経済的な結びつきを生み、今では多くの日本企業がその地域でビジネスをしています。いくつかの主要な援助国が援助予算を削った今、日本の支援はその影響力を高めることにもなります。 第三に、世界でも豊かな国の1つとして、日本には道義的な責任があります。第二次世界大戦後、日本自身も国際的な融資を受けて復興しました。最初の新幹線のための融資もその1つです。同じように他の国を助けることは、その支援への自然な恩返しです。 確かに、日本には高齢化など自国の深刻な問題があります。しかし、海外援助は国の予算のほんの一部にすぎないので、それを削ってもこうした問題は解決しません。 結論として、世界規模のリスクを減らし、日本の利益を支え、道義的な責任を果たすという理由から、海外援助は十分に費用に見合うと考えます。ありがとうございました。

想定質疑面接委員はこう突っ込んでくる

QHow can we make sure aid actually reaches the people who need it?

That's an important question. Admittedly, some aid has been wasted in the past. However, donors can work with trusted local organizations and check results regularly. Aid can also be given as training and equipment rather than cash, which makes misuse less likely.

Q：援助が本当に必要な人に届くようにするには、どうすればよいですか。
A：大切な質問です。確かに、過去には無駄になった援助もあります。しかし、信頼できる現地の団体と協力し、成果を定期的に確かめることはできます。現金ではなく研修や設備の形で援助すれば、不正に使われにくくもなります。

QShould aid be given to countries whose governments don't respect human rights?

That's a difficult issue. I think aid to the government itself should come with clear conditions. However, ordinary people should not be punished for their leaders' actions, so humanitarian aid, like food and medicine, should continue through international organizations.

Q：人権を尊重しない政府の国にも援助すべきですか。
A：難しい問題です。政府そのものへの援助には、はっきりした条件をつけるべきだと思います。しかし、指導者の行いのために一般の人々が罰を受けるべきではないので、食料や医薬品などの人道支援は国際機関を通じて続けるべきです。

QIs it better to give aid or to encourage trade?

I think both are needed. Trade and investment create jobs in the long run, but the poorest countries first need basic things like schools, clinics, and roads. Aid can build that foundation, and then trade can take over.

Q：援助と貿易の促進では、どちらがよいですか。
A：両方必要だと思います。長い目で見れば貿易や投資が雇用を生みますが、最も貧しい国にはまず学校や診療所、道路といった基本的なものが必要です。援助でその土台を作り、その後は貿易に引き継げばよいのです。

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