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英検1級 二次 予想トピック 48 ・ 🌏 国際・観光・多文化 ・ Can ~?

Can the UN Security Council be reformed to reflect today's world?

国連安全保障理事会は、今の世界を反映した形に改革できるか。

このトピックを選ぶべき人

国際ニュースに強く、日本の常任理事国入りの話題を知っている人向け。

骨組み理由3つ（どちらの立場でも話せる）

賛成（Yes）で話すなら

I believe the Security Council can be reformed, although it will take time.

  1. growing pressureMany countries agree that the current structure, which reflects the world after World War II, is outdated. Japan, Germany, India, and Brazil, for example, have long worked together to call for reform.
  2. legitimacyIf the Council does not change, it may lose its authority as more countries ignore it. This danger itself gives even the permanent members a reason to accept some reform.
  3. step by stepReform does not have to happen all at once. Adding more non-permanent seats or limiting the use of the veto in cases of mass atrocities could be realistic first steps.

反対（No）で話すなら

I don't believe the Security Council can be meaningfully reformed in the near future.

  1. veto powerChanging the UN Charter requires the approval of all five permanent members, which hold veto power. They are unlikely to give up their special privileges.
  2. regional rivalryCountries cannot agree on who should get new seats. Some neighbors of the leading candidates, for instance, strongly oppose giving them permanent membership.
  3. past failuresReform has been discussed for decades without real results. Repeated vetoes over conflicts such as the war in Ukraine show how difficult it is to change the Council's behavior.

想定質疑面接委員はこう突っ込んでくる

QWhy would the permanent members agree to reduce their own power?

That's the biggest obstacle, I admit. However, they also benefit from a UN that is respected around the world. If the Council keeps failing to act, more countries will ignore it, and the permanent members will lose influence too. So I think limited reform is in their own long-term interest.

Q：常任理事国はなぜ自分たちの力を減らすことに同意するのでしょうか。
A：そこが最大の壁であることは認めます。しかし、常任理事国も世界で尊重される国連から利益を得ています。安保理が動けない状態が続けば、それを無視する国が増え、常任理事国の影響力も下がります。ですから、限定的な改革は彼ら自身の長期的な利益にもなると考えます。

QShould Japan become a permanent member?

I think Japan has a strong case, as it has supported the UN financially for many years. However, I believe reform should first focus on fairer representation for regions like Africa. If the Council becomes more balanced overall, Japan's chances would also improve.

Q：日本は常任理事国になるべきですか。
A：日本は長年にわたり国連を資金面で支えてきたので、十分な根拠があると思います。ただ、改革はまずアフリカなどの地域をより公平に代表させることに重点を置くべきです。安保理全体のバランスが良くなれば、日本の可能性も高まるはずです。

QIs the UN still relevant today?

Yes, I believe so, even though the Security Council has serious problems. UN agencies provide food aid, vaccines, and support for refugees around the world. The Council's failures should not make us forget this important work.

Q：国連は今でも意味のある存在ですか。
A：はい、安保理に深刻な問題はあっても、そう思います。国連の機関は世界中で食料支援やワクチン、難民の支援を行っています。安保理がうまくいかないからといって、こうした大切な活動を忘れてはいけません。

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