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早稲田大学 理工3学部 英語攻略チートシート確認問題集

早稲田理工3学部型の確認問題21問。名物の数字変換・7語整序・文の整序・2つのテキストの読み比べを本番の形で。

正解 0 / 20

Ⅰ 示された先頭の文字で始まり、(ⅰ)(ⅱ)の両方の定義に当てはまる1語を考え、2文字目以降を変換表(1=a〜g 2=h〜m 3=n〜s 4=t〜z)で数字にしたものを選べ

  1. 1
    a:(ⅰ) to deal with a problem or question (ⅱ) a formal speech given to an audience
  2. 2
    c:(ⅰ) to ask an amount of money for a service (ⅱ) to formally accuse someone of a crime
  3. 3
    i:(ⅰ) an important topic that people are discussing (ⅱ) a single edition of a magazine
  4. 4
    c:(ⅰ) happening or existing now (ⅱ) a flow of water, air, or electricity
  5. 5
    v:(ⅰ) the amount of sound produced (ⅱ) one of the books in a series
  6. 6
    o:(ⅰ) to watch something carefully (ⅱ) to obey a rule, law, or custom
  7. 7
    y:(ⅰ) to produce a crop, profit, or result (ⅱ) to give way under pressure
  8. 8
    r:(ⅰ) to find a solution to a problem (ⅱ) to decide firmly to do something
  9. 9
    j:(ⅰ) to show that a decision or action is reasonable (ⅱ) to arrange lines of text so that both edges are straight

Ⅱ 日本語に合うように( )内の語を並べかえたとき、3番目と5番目に来る語の組み合わせを選べ

  1. 10
    この方法の限界の1つは、多くの時間を要することだ。One limitation ( of / this / approach / is / that / it / requires ) a great deal of time.
  2. 11
    その結果は、睡眠が記憶に影響を与えうることを示唆している。The results ( suggest / that / sleep / may / have / an / effect ) on memory.
  3. 12
    AとBがどの程度関係しているかは、まだわかっていない。The ( extent / to / which / A / and / B / are ) related remains unclear.
  4. 13
    2つの変数に相関があるからといって、一方が他方の原因であることにはならない。A correlation between two variables ( does / not / mean / that / one / causes / the ) other.

Ⅲ 最初の文に続けて (A)〜(D) を並べる時、最も適切な順を選べ

  1. 14
    Imagine a researcher who wants to know what makes a business successful. (A) She therefore concludes that taking big risks leads to success. (B) She interviews the founders of twenty highly profitable companies and finds that most of them took big risks early on. (C) This failure to consider those who did not make it, known as survivorship bias, arises whenever we study only the cases that made it through some selection process. (D) What she has overlooked, however, is the many founders who took similar risks and failed, and who are therefore not available to be interviewed.
  2. 15
    A key distinction can be drawn between accuracy and precision. (A) Precision, on the other hand, refers to how close repeated measurements are to one another. (B) Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value. (C) A scale that always reads exactly two kilograms too heavy is one such case: precise but not accurate. (D) Because the two terms describe different things, a set of measurements can have one quality without the other.

Ⅳ 次の2つの英文を読み、設問に答えよ

【Text Ⅰ】 Human judgment relies heavily on heuristics: mental shortcuts that allow us to make decisions quickly. In this study, participants who had just read news stories about plane crashes rated air travel as more dangerous than car travel, even though, mile for mile, driving is far riskier. The results suggest that we judge how likely an event is by how easily examples come to mind. One limitation of human reasoning, then, is that vivid but rare events can distort our sense of risk. The authors conclude that important decisions should rely on statistics rather than intuition. /【Text Ⅱ】 In contrast to earlier findings that portray heuristics as sources of error, a growing body of research suggests that simple rules often perform surprisingly well. In the real world, information is limited and time is short. Under such conditions, a rule that considers only one or two key factors can make predictions as accurate as those of complex statistical models, which may fit past data closely but fail with new cases. On this view, heuristics are not flaws to be corrected but tools adapted to an uncertain environment. The question is not whether to use them but when.

本文の訳を見る

【Text Ⅰ】人間の判断は、ヒューリスティック、つまりすばやく判断を下すことを可能にする思考の近道に大きく頼っている。この研究では、飛行機の墜落事故のニュースを読んだばかりの参加者は、距離あたりで比べれば車の運転のほうがはるかに危険であるにもかかわらず、空の旅を車の旅より危険だと評価した。この結果は、私たちが、ある出来事がどれくらい起こりやすいかを、その例がどれだけ簡単に思い浮かぶかで判断していることを示唆している。したがって人間の推論の限界の1つは、鮮明だがまれな出来事がリスクの感覚をゆがめうることである。著者たちは、重要な判断は直感ではなく統計に頼るべきだと結論づけている。
【Text Ⅱ】ヒューリスティックを誤りの原因として描いたこれまでの研究結果とは対照的に、単純なルールが驚くほどうまく機能することが多いと示唆する研究が増えている。現実の世界では、情報は限られ、時間は短い。そのような条件のもとでは、1つか2つの重要な要因だけを考慮するルールでも、複雑な統計モデルと同じくらい正確な予測ができることがある。複雑なモデルは過去のデータにはぴったり合っても、新しい事例ではうまくいかないことがあるのだ。この見方からすれば、ヒューリスティックは正すべき欠陥ではなく、不確かな環境に適応した道具である。問題は、それを使うかどうかではなく、いつ使うかなのである。

  1. 16
    What is the main claim of Text Ⅰ?
  2. 17
    What is the main claim of Text Ⅱ?
  3. 18
    How does Text Ⅱ relate to Text Ⅰ?
  4. 19
    According to Text Ⅱ, complex statistical models may fail because they .
  5. 20
    Which statement would the writers of both texts most likely accept?
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