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目から鱗の英語雑学50確認問題集

英語雑学の確認問題26問。語源・つづりの短い英文の内容一致と、語源を使った語彙問題で確かめる。

正解 0 / 26

Ⅰ 英文の内容と一致するものを1つ選べ

  1. 1
    The "k" in "knight" and "know" is silent today, but it was once pronounced. The spelling stayed the same while the pronunciation changed.
  2. 2
    The word "debt" came into English from French, in which it had no "b." Later, scholars who admired Latin added a "b" to make it look more like the Latin word debitum. The "b" was never pronounced.
  3. 3
    The word "nice" comes from the Latin nescius, meaning "not knowing." In English it first meant "foolish," and only over many centuries did it come to mean "pleasant."
  4. 4
    During outbreaks of plague, ships arriving in Venice were sometimes required to wait forty days before their passengers could go ashore. The word "quarantine" comes from the Italian for "forty days."
  5. 5
    "December" comes from the Latin decem, meaning "ten." It is now the twelfth month because the early Roman calendar began in March.
  6. 6
    Many people think that SOS stands for "Save Our Souls." In fact, it is not short for anything. It was chosen because its Morse code, three dots, three dashes and three dots, is easy to send and to recognize.
  7. 7
    Of the many theories about the origin of "OK," the most widely accepted one traces it to a Boston newspaper in 1839, where it appeared as a joking abbreviation of "oll korrect," a deliberate misspelling of "all correct."
  8. 8
    Words for tea around the world fall roughly into two groups. Languages that received tea by sea, largely through Dutch traders, tend to use forms like "tea," while those that received it over land tend to use forms like "cha."
  9. 9
    The word "robot" first appeared in a 1920 play by a Czech writer. It comes from a Czech word meaning "forced labor."

Ⅱ 次の英文を読み、設問に答えよ

Have you ever heard that the word "posh" comes from "Port Out, Starboard Home," supposedly stamped on the tickets of wealthy passengers sailing between Britain and India? Or that "golf" stands for "Gentlemen Only, Ladies Forbidden"? Stories like these are entertaining, but linguists treat them with great ( 1 ). (A) The main reason is historical. (B) The habit of forming new words from the first letters of other words, as in NASA or UNESCO, became common only in the twentieth century. (C) "Golf," for example, appears in Scottish records from the fifteenth century, long before such words were common. (D) Any story claiming that a much older word began as an acronym should therefore make us suspicious.(ア) Of course, some word histories can be confirmed. "OK," for instance, has been traced to a specific newspaper published in 1839.

本文の訳を見る

posh(上流の・豪華な)という語は、英国とインドの間を航海した裕福な乗客の切符に押されていたとされる Port Out, Starboard Home(行きは左舷、帰りは右舷)から来ている、と聞いたことはあるだろうか。あるいは、golf は Gentlemen Only, Ladies Forbidden(紳士のみ、婦人禁止)の略だという話は? こうした話はおもしろいが、言語学者はそれらを大いに疑ってかかる。主な理由は歴史的なものだ。NASA や UNESCO のように、ほかの語の頭文字から新しい語を作る習慣が一般的になったのは、20世紀になってからにすぎない。それ以前は、この種の語は英語ではごくまれだった。たとえば golf は、そうした語が一般的になるよりずっと前の15世紀のスコットランドの記録に現れている。したがって、はるかに古い語が頭字語として始まったと主張する話は、どんなものでも疑ってかかるべきなのだ。もちろん、確かめることのできる語源もある。たとえば OK は、1839年に発行された特定の新聞にまでさかのぼることができる。

  1. 10
    Choose the best word for ( 1 ).
  2. 11
    次の英文を入れるのに最も適切な位置を、本文の (A)〜(D) から選べ。 Before then, words of this kind were very rare in English.
  3. 12
    Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence (ア)?
  4. 13
    Why does the author mention "OK" at the end of the passage?
  5. 14
    According to the passage, which of the following is true?

Ⅲ 語源を手がかりに、空所に入る最も適切なものを選べ

  1. 15
    com- means "together" and the Latin panis means "bread." A companion was originally someone who .
  2. 16
    compassion comes from com- ("together") and a root meaning "suffer." It most nearly means .
  3. 17
    In "breakfast," fast means "a period of going without food." Breakfast is therefore the meal that .
  4. 18
    astronaut comes from astro- ("star") and naut ("sailor"). Which word shares the root meaning "star"?
  5. 19
    "Eleven" and "twelve" come from old Germanic words meaning "one left over" and "two left over" after counting ten. This explains why they .
  6. 20
    The word "silly" once meant "blessed" or "happy." Its meaning has changed .

Ⅳ 空所に入る最も適切な語句を選べ

  1. 21
    The English word , meaning "a powerful businessperson," comes from a Japanese title that was once used for the shogun in dealings with foreigners.
  2. 22
    Long ago, "a napron" was heard as "," and that is how the modern word was born.
  3. 23
    Many people believe that "emoji" is related to "emotion," but the similarity is .
  4. 24
    The abbreviation "e.g." means "for example," while "i.e." means "."

Ⅴ 設問に答えよ

  1. 25
    次の英文を和訳せよ。 Words do not keep their meanings forever; like the people who use them, they change over time.
  2. 26
    "Gentlemen Only, Ladies Forbidden" が golf の語源だという説を信じるべきでない理由を、Ⅱの英文に即して日本語で説明せよ。
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目から鱗の英語雑学50(A4 2枚)

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