背景知識チートシート：教育・学び・テクノロジー確認問題集

Ⅰ 次の英文を読み、設問に答えよ

[1] Most students prepare for tests by reading their notes again and again. This feels productive: the more often we read a page, the more familiar it becomes. Familiarity, however, is not the same as memory. Recognizing information when we see it is far easier than recalling it when the book is closed. [2] In a well-known study published in 2006, students read a short passage and then either read it again or tried to write down as much of it as they could remember. Five minutes later, the students who had reread the passage did slightly better. One week later, however, the result was （ 1 ）: the students who had practiced recalling the information remembered considerably more. [3] This finding, often called the testing effect, suggests that tests are not only a way of measuring learning but also a way of strengthening it(ア). It also explains why so many students suffer from an illusion of competence(イ). Rereading makes them feel ready, even when they are not.

1. 1
   Choose the best word for （ 1 ）.

   areversedbunknowncdelayeddthe same
2. 2
   According to paragraph [1], why does rereading feel productive?

   aBecause it always improves test scores.bBecause teachers usually recommend it.cBecause the material becomes more familiar each time.dBecause it is harder than recalling information.
3. 3
   The underlined pronoun (ア) refers to .

   aa testbthe findingclearningda way
4. 4
   下線部(イ) an illusion of competence の意味として最も適切なものを選べ。

   a実際には身についていないのに、わかったと感じてしまうことb暗記が得意だと他人に見せかけることc自分の能力が低いと思い込み、挑戦しないことdテストの点数が、実力以上に高く出てしまうこと
5. 5
   According to the passage, which of the following is true?

   aOne week later, the students who had practiced recalling remembered more than those who had reread.bRereading led to better results both five minutes and one week later.cRecognizing information is harder than recalling it.dThe study showed that tests are useful only for measuring learning.
6. 6
   Which study method would the author most likely recommend?

   aHighlighting every important sentence in the textbookbAvoiding practice tests before the real examcReading your notes as many times as possibledClosing the book and trying to recall what you have studied

Ⅱ 次の英文を読み、設問に答えよ

Many people believe that each of us has a preferred learning style: some are "visual learners," others are "auditory learners," and so on. According to this view, students learn best when lessons are matched to their style. (A) The idea is appealing, and it is widely accepted among teachers and parents. (B) When researchers reviewed the evidence in 2008, however, they found little support for it. (C) In the few studies designed to test the idea properly, matching lessons to students' preferred styles did not clearly improve learning. (D) A map, for example, is best learned by looking at it, and a piece of music by listening to it, whatever a learner's preferred style may be.

1. 7
   次の英文を入れるのに最も適切な位置を、本文の (A)〜(D) から選べ。 Instead, the best method usually depends on what is being learned.

   a(A)b(B)c(C)d(D)
2. 8
   According to the passage, which of the following is true?

   aA review of research found little evidence that matching lessons to learning styles improves learning.bVisual learners learn everything better by looking.cResearchers proved that people have no learning preferences at all.dFew teachers and parents believe in learning styles.
3. 9
   What is the main purpose of the passage?

   aTo explain how to find out your learning stylebTo argue that music should be taught visuallycTo praise teachers who use learning stylesdTo question a popular belief about learning

Ⅲ 空所に入る最も適切な語句を選べ

1. 10
   Reviewing material at intervals rather than all at once leads to longer-lasting memory. This is known as the effect.

   ahalobplacebocspacingdtesting
2. 11
   Mixing different types of problems in a single practice session is called .

   arote learningbcrammingcrereadingdinterleaving
3. 12
   The ability to monitor and control your own understanding is called .

   ametacognitionbmemorizationcmeritocracydmotivation
4. 13
   Studying a subject simply because you find it interesting reflects motivation.

   aphysicalbintrinsiccextrinsicdfinancial
5. 14
   In a classroom, students watch lecture videos at home and do exercises and take part in discussions in class.

   atraditionalbsilentcflippeddcrowded
6. 15
   Combining online lessons with face-to-face teaching is called learning.

   adistancebblendedcrotedlifelong
7. 16
   Learning something by repeating it until you have memorized it, without really understanding it, is learning.

   arotebactivecblendedddeep
8. 17
   Ebbinghaus showed that we forget quickly at first and then more slowly. The graph of this pattern is called the forgetting .

   apointbtestcgapdcurve
9. 18
   Tasks that require effort but are not impossible create a desirable , which helps long-term learning.

   arewardbdifficultycfailuredhabit
10. 19
    The difference in average test scores between students from rich and poor families is an example of an achievement .

    atestblevelcgoaldgap

Ⅳ 下線部の意味に最も近いものを選べ

1. 20
   Online learning cannot completely replace face-to-face interaction.

   aimprovebincludectake the place ofdprepare for
2. 21
   Learning lasts longer when it is spread out over time.

   adone all at oncebwritten down carefullycdivided into several sessionsdfinished as quickly as possible
3. 22
   Without basic knowledge, students cannot evaluate what they find online.

   asearch forbforgetcjudge the quality ofddownload
4. 23
   A child's future should not depend on their parents' income.

   abe shared withbbe hidden fromcbe compared withdbe determined by

Ⅴ 設問に答えよ

1. 24
   次の英文を和訳せよ。 Trying to recall what you have learned is more effective than simply rereading it.答えを見る
2. 25
   次の日本文を英訳せよ。 技術は教師を支えるべきで、取って代わるべきではない。答えを見る