CHECK TEST

背景知識チートシート:言語学・言語習得確認問題集

言語学・言語習得の確認問題26問。俗説を研究で修正する英文で、論の流れと重要語を入試形式で。

正解 0 / 26

Ⅰ 次の英文を読み、設問に答えよ

[1] It is often believed that children pick up foreign languages effortlessly, while adults struggle. Like many popular beliefs, this one is only partly true. When children and adults begin learning a new language under the same conditions, adults often make faster progress at first. They already have large vocabularies in their first language, better memory strategies, and more experience of learning in general. [2] Where children seem to have a clear ( 1 ) is in the long run, especially in pronunciation. People who move to a new country in early childhood are far more likely to end up speaking its language without a foreign accent than those who move there as adults. This pattern led some researchers to propose that there is a critical period(ア) for language learning, after which reaching a native-like level becomes difficult. [3] Age, however, is not the whole story. The amount of input learners receive, their motivation, and the chances they have to use the language all play an important role. Starting early, in other words, is helpful but not essential.(イ)

本文の訳を見る

[1] 子どもは外国語を苦もなく身につけるが、大人は苦労する、とよく信じられている。多くの通説と同じく、これは部分的にしか正しくない。子どもと大人が同じ条件で新しい言語を学び始めると、最初は大人のほうが速く上達することが多い。大人はすでに母語で多くの語彙を持ち、記憶の工夫も上手で、学習一般の経験も豊富だからだ。
[2] 子どもがはっきりと有利に見えるのは、長い目で見たとき、とりわけ発音においてである。幼いころに新しい国に移り住んだ人は、大人になってから移った人よりも、最終的に外国なまりのない話し方を身につける可能性がはるかに高い。この傾向から、言語学習には「臨界期」があり、それを過ぎると母語話者並みの水準に達するのが難しくなる、と唱える研究者も現れた。
[3] しかし、年齢がすべてではない。学習者が受けるインプットの量、動機、そしてその言語を使う機会も、どれも重要な役割を果たす。言いかえれば、早く始めることは役に立つが、不可欠ではないのだ。

  1. 1
    Choose the best word for ( 1 ).
  2. 2
    According to paragraph [1], why do adults often make faster progress at first?
  3. 3
    下線部(ア) critical period の説明として最も適切なものを選べ。
  4. 4
    Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence (イ)?
  5. 5
    According to the passage, which of the following is true?
  6. 6
    本文全体の展開として最も適切なものを選べ。

Ⅱ 次の英文を読み、設問に答えよ

Does the language we speak shape the way we think? The strong version of this idea, that language determines thought, has few supporters today. (A) If it were true, people could not understand any concept for which their language has no word, and yet speakers regularly learn new ideas and invent words for them. (B) A weaker version, however, has found some support. Russian, for example, has two basic words for blue: one for lighter shades and one for darker ones. (C) In one experiment, Russian speakers were slightly faster than English speakers at telling apart colors that fall on either side of this boundary. (D) The difference was small, but it suggests that language can influence(ウ) perception, even if it does not ( 2 ) it.

本文の訳を見る

私たちが話す言語は、私たちの考え方を形づくるのだろうか。この考えの強い形、つまり言語が思考を決定するという説を支持する人は、今日ではほとんどいない。(A) もしそれが正しいなら、人は自分の言語に単語のない概念を一切理解できないことになるが、実際には話し手は新しい考えを日常的に学び、それを表す語を作り出している。(B) しかし、もっと弱い形の説は、ある程度の裏づけを得ている。例えばロシア語には、青を表す基本的な語が2つある。明るい色合いを表す語と、暗い色合いを表す語だ。(C) 対照的に、英語の話し手はたいていどちらも単に「ブルー」と呼ぶ。ある実験では、この境界をはさんだ2つの色を見分けるのが、ロシア語の話し手のほうが英語の話し手よりわずかに速かった。(D) 差は小さかったが、言語は知覚を決定まではしないにしても、知覚に影響を与えうることを示唆している。

  1. 7
    次の英文を入れるのに最も適切な位置を、本文の (A)〜(D) から選べ。 English speakers, by contrast, usually call both simply "blue."
  2. 8
    Choose the best word for ( 2 ).
  3. 9
    The underlined word (ウ) influence is closest in meaning to .
  4. 10
    Why does the author mention that speakers "learn new ideas and invent words for them"?
  5. 11
    Which of the following best expresses the author's view?

Ⅲ 空所に入る最も適切な語句を選べ

  1. 12
    When a child says "goed" instead of "went," it shows : the child has learned a rule and is applying it too widely.
  2. 13
    English is often used as a , a common language between people who do not share a first language.
  3. 14
    Children of immigrants who speak their parents' language at home are maintaining a language.
  4. 15
    Many bilingual speakers move between two languages within a single conversation, a practice known as .
  5. 16
    Efforts to bring back endangered languages, such as Hawaiian and Maori, are known as language .
  6. 17
    Krashen argued that learners need large amounts of input, that is, language that they can mostly understand.
  7. 18
    Before they say their first words, babies go through a stage of , producing repeated sounds such as "ba-ba-ba."
  8. 19
    Sign languages are not simply sets of gestures; they are full languages with their own .
  9. 20
    A develops when a pidgin becomes the first language of a new generation of children.

Ⅳ 下線部の意味に最も近いものを選べ

  1. 21
    Children acquire their first language without being formally taught.
  2. 22
    Some dialects are looked down on, although they have consistent rules of their own.
  3. 23
    More than 40 percent of the world's languages are said to be endangered.
  4. 24
    English is no longer the property of its native speakers alone.

Ⅴ 設問に答えよ

  1. 25
    次の英文を和訳せよ。 Making mistakes is not a sign of failure but a natural part of learning a language.
  2. 26
    次の日本文を英訳せよ。 言語は使えば使うほど早く上達する。
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背景知識チートシート:言語学・言語習得(A4 2枚)

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