英検1級 リーディング超絶チートシート（大問別の解き方・時間配分）確認問題集

Ⅰ【大問1型】空所に入る最も適切なものを選べ（1問27秒が目安）

1. 1
   After the scandal broke, the CEO issued a public apology in an attempt to angry shareholders.

   aplacatebemulatecexacerbatedvilify
2. 2
   The once-thriving fishing town is now , with most young people having left to find work in the cities.

   apristinebburgeoningcopulentdmoribund
3. 3
   The new DNA evidence the man, who had spent ten years in prison for a crime he did not commit.

   aexoneratedbincriminatedcindicteddextradited
4. 4
   The professor has a appetite for knowledge; she reads several books a week on subjects ranging from astronomy to zoology.

   avoraciousblatentcmeagerdtepid
5. 5
   The minister gave an answer when asked whether taxes would rise, leaving reporters unsure of what she really meant.

   aequivocalbunequivocalccandiddemphatic
6. 6
   Investigators found that the company had used a legal loophole to environmental regulations.

   aratifybupholdccircumventdenforce
7. 7
   Although he was as a boy, often getting into fights at school, he grew into a calm and gentle man.

   aaffablebreticentcdociledpugnacious
8. 8
   The witness's account was so full of contradictions that the jury began to doubt its .

   aopacitybsolemnitycbrevitydveracity
9. 9
   The author's argument is ; she supports every claim with carefully documented evidence.

   aspuriousbspeciousctenuousdcogent
10. 10
    When the factory closed, many families could only a living by taking part-time jobs.

    aeke outbfend offcgloss overdchurn out
11. 11
    The government stepped in with emergency loans to the struggling airline.

    asimmer downbbow outcprop updpeter out
12. 12
    In his speech, the mayor the city's budget problems, focusing instead on its new parks and festivals.

    aglossed overbsnapped upcmulled overdpored over
13. 13
    The movement began with great enthusiasm, but support for it gradually after its leader resigned.

    araked inbpetered outcfended offdtided over

Ⅱ【大問2型】英文を読み、（ 1 ）〜（ 3 ）に入る最も適切なものを選べ

Honest Placebos ／ For decades, doctors assumed that a placebo—a pill containing no active ingredients—could work only if patients were deceived. The logic seemed simple: if people knew their pill was fake, they would not expect it to help, and without that expectation, no improvement would occur. For this reason, placebos were largely confined to clinical trials, where they served as a standard against which new drugs could be compared. Using them in everyday treatment, on the other hand, was regarded as （ 1 ）, since it would require doctors to mislead their patients. ／ In recent years, however, a number of studies have challenged this assumption. In these experiments, patients with long-term conditions such as back pain were given pills and told plainly that the pills contained no medicine at all. Surprisingly, many of these patients reported feeling better than those who received no treatment. Such findings suggest that （ 2 ）. ／ Researchers are still debating why honest placebos have any effect. One explanation is that the ritual of treatment itself—visiting a doctor, receiving a prescription, and taking pills at regular times—may trigger the body's own pain-relief responses. （ 3 ）, critics caution that most of these studies have been small and that improvements reported by patients themselves may partly reflect a desire to please researchers. Until larger trials are conducted, the jury is still out on how widely the approach should be used.

1. 14
   （ 1 ）

   ascientifically provenbmedically essentialcfinancially rewardingdethically unacceptable
2. 15
   （ 2 ）

   ahonest placebos are more effective than real painkillersbdoctors should stop telling patients the truthcpatients can easily tell real pills from fake onesddeception may not be necessary for a placebo to work
3. 16
   （ 3 ）

   aBy the same tokenbThat saidcConsequentlydIn other words

Ⅲ【大問3型】英文を読み、質問の答えとして最も適切なものを選べ

Rethinking the "Dark Ages" ／ [1] For centuries, the period that followed the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century was commonly referred to as the "Dark Ages." The idea, which can be traced back to some Renaissance writers, reflected a belief that classical learning had all but vanished from Europe and that society had sunk into ignorance until its revival roughly a thousand years later. Conventional wisdom held that little of cultural value had been produced in the intervening centuries. ／ [2] Over the past century, however, historians have increasingly challenged this view. They point out that monasteries across Europe copied and preserved large numbers of ancient texts, many of which would otherwise have been lost. In the late eighth and early ninth centuries, the court of Charlemagne actively promoted education and the copying of manuscripts, an effort that some scholars describe as a renaissance in its own right. Moreover, far from being isolated, early medieval Europe was linked by trade to the Islamic world, where scholars were translating and building on Greek works in mathematics, medicine, and astronomy. ／ [3] The reassessment is not without its critics. Some archaeologists argue that in parts of Western Europe, the material evidence points to a genuine and severe decline after Roman rule ended: towns shrank, the production of high-quality pottery fell sharply, and long-distance trade appears to have decreased. In their view, emphasizing the achievements of a small educated elite risks obscuring the hardships faced by ordinary people. ／ [4] Most historians today avoid the term "Dark Ages," preferring the more neutral "early Middle Ages." Yet the debate has not simply replaced one story with another. Instead, it has encouraged scholars to ask whose experience a label describes. A period may have been one of decline for city dwellers in one region and of intellectual vitality for monks in another.

1. 17
   According to the passage, the term "Dark Ages" originally reflected the belief that

   athe Western Roman Empire collapsed because of a lack of education.bEuropean society had no contact at all with the Islamic world.cRenaissance writers had destroyed many ancient texts.dlearning from the classical world had almost disappeared from Europe for centuries.
2. 18
   What is one reason historians have challenged the traditional view?

   aIslamic scholars depended on European monks to translate Greek works.bReligious communities helped to ensure that many classical writings survived.cTrade with the Islamic world caused a decline in European learning.dCharlemagne's court discouraged the copying of ancient manuscripts.
3. 19
   The archaeologists mentioned in the third paragraph believe that

   ahistorians have proved that long-distance trade stopped completely.btowns in Western Europe grew rapidly after the end of Roman rule.cfocusing on the elite may hide how difficult life became for most people.dno part of Europe experienced a decline after Roman rule ended.
4. 20
   What can be inferred about the author's view of the debate?

   aThe archaeologists' evidence has been shown to be false.bA single label is unlikely to capture the varied experiences of the period.cOrdinary people benefited most from the achievements of monks.dThe term "Dark Ages" accurately describes the period after all.

Ⅳ 英文と同じ内容を表すものを選べ（否定・限定の1語に注意）

1. 21
   The drug's long-term safety has yet to be established.

   aThe drug has been proven safe for long-term use.bThe drug was found to be unsafe in the long term.cIt is not yet known whether the drug is safe over long periods.dNobody has tried to study the drug's long-term safety.
2. 22
   Only after the bridge collapsed did the city begin inspecting its other bridges.

   aThe city did not start inspecting its other bridges until the bridge collapsed.bThe city inspected only the bridge that later collapsed.cThe city inspected its other bridges, and then one of them collapsed.dThe bridge collapsed even though the city had inspected it carefully.
3. 23
   Far from reducing traffic, the new road attracted even more cars to the area.

   aTraffic decreased because drivers avoided the new road.bThe new road led to an increase in traffic.cThe new road was built far from the busiest area.dThe new road reduced traffic slightly.
4. 24
   The policy was not so much a failure as a missed opportunity.

   aThe policy is better described as a missed opportunity than as a failure.bThe policy was a complete failure.cThe policy was both a total failure and a great success.dThe policy succeeded because it made use of an opportunity.
5. 25
   The proposal was met with skepticism by many economists.

   aMany economists doubted the proposal.bMany economists ignored the proposal.cMany economists welcomed the proposal.dMany economists made the proposal.