【WPMの測定手順】
1. 読む前に設問を確認する
2. 時計(ストップウォッチ)を見ながら、英文を最初から最後まで読み、かかった秒数を記録する
3. 設問に解答する
4. 答え合わせをして正解数を確認する
以下の計算式でWPMを算出する
WPM = 語数 ÷ 読むのにかかった秒数 × 60 × 正解数 ÷ 設問数
※読んだ内容の理解を測定せずただ英文を読むスピードをチェックしたい場合は、WPM = 語数 ÷ 読むのにかかった秒数 × 60 まででOK。
North America’s Birds Are Vanishing: A Warning Sign
Bird numbers across North America are falling at an alarming speed, scientists warn. A new study analysed records for almost 500 species gathered by ordinary bird-watchers using the eBird smartphone app between 2007 and 2021. It found that three quarters of the species are shrinking, and two thirds are declining fast enough to cause real concern.
The most surprising result is where the losses are happening. Areas that once acted as safe havens for birds – healthy grasslands, wide drylands, and even parts of the Arctic – are now losing the highest share of individuals. In some “strongholds” populations are dropping by more than ten per cent every year. Researchers say birds are like canaries in a coal mine: when they disappear, the whole ecosystem may be in trouble.
Why are numbers crashing? The team suspects two main pressures. First, global warming is changing temperature and rainfall patterns, making former breeding grounds less welcoming. Second, people continue to destroy or break up habitats through farming, forestry and urban growth. However, scientists admit they need more data to untangle the exact causes.
There is a small light of hope. Nearly every species still has pockets where numbers are stable or even rising, such as in the Appalachian and western mountain ranges. Thanks to the fine-scale maps produced from citizen data, conservationists can now target these refuge areas and act quickly to protect food, nesting sites and migration routes before it is too late.
Protecting birds means safeguarding the entire natural web.
(250 words)
☆Answer the questions☆
(1) What data source did the scientists use?
a) Satellite images b) eBird app records c) Museum specimens d) Weather stations
(2) Which areas now show the fastest bird declines?
a) City centers b) Former strongholds like grasslands and the Arctic c) Ocean coasts d) Suburban gardens
(3) What is one suspected cause of the declines mentioned?
a) Increased bird hunting b) Global warming c) Flower shortages d) Excessive tourism
(4) Why are birds compared to canaries in a coal mine?
a) They sing loudly b) They warn us about ecosystem trouble c) They live underground d) They dig tunnels

【Answer】