原田英語の英検二次面接 ぜんぶ攻略くん
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英検1級 二次 予想トピック 87 ・ 🏘️ 社会・地域・高齢化 ・ A or B

Culling more bears or keeping them away from towns by other means: which is the better way to protect people?

クマの駆除を増やすことと、駆除以外の方法で人里から遠ざけること。人を守る方法としてどちらが良いか。

このトピックを選ぶべき人

クマの出没のニュースをよく見ていて、地方の過疎化や自然との共生につなげて話せる人向け。

骨組み理由3つ（どちらの立場でも話せる）

賛成（Yes）で話すなら

I believe culling more bears is necessary to protect people, at least in the current situation.

  1. immediate safetyBear attacks have become a serious threat in parts of Japan, even in towns. When a bear repeatedly appears near homes and schools, removing it is the fastest way to protect residents.
  2. growing numbersIn some regions, bear populations are thought to have increased. Without managing their numbers, the problem may continue to get worse.
  3. learned behaviorBears that have learned to find food in towns tend to come back again and again. Simply chasing them away may not change this behavior.

反対（No）で話すなら

I believe keeping bears away by other means is the better long-term approach.

  1. root causesBears come into towns because of changes in their environment, such as poor harvests of acorns and abandoned farmland near forests. Culling does not solve these causes.
  2. practical measuresElectric fences, removing unpicked fruit, and cutting back bushes near villages can greatly reduce bear visits. These steps protect people every year, not just once.
  3. ecosystem balanceBears play an important role in forest ecosystems, for example by spreading seeds. Killing too many could harm nature in ways that are hard to reverse.

想定質疑面接委員はこう突っ込んでくる

QIs it enough to rely on hunters to deal with bears?

I don't think so. Many hunters in Japan are getting older, and there are not enough young people to replace them. I think local governments need to train and employ professional wildlife managers. Dealing with dangerous animals should be treated as a public service, not just a hobby.

Q：クマへの対応を猟師に頼るだけで十分でしょうか。
A：十分ではないと思います。日本の猟師の多くは高齢化していて、後を継ぐ若い人が足りません。自治体が野生動物管理の専門職を育てて雇う必要があると思います。危険な動物への対応は、趣味ではなく公共サービスとして扱うべきです。

QShould bears be shot inside towns?

In an emergency, I think it has to be allowed. A recent change in the law has made it easier to shoot bears in residential areas under strict conditions. However, it must be done very carefully so that no one is hurt by a stray bullet.

Q：市街地でクマを撃つべきですか。
A：緊急時には認めざるをえないと思います。最近の法改正で、厳しい条件のもとで住宅地でもクマを撃ちやすくなりました。ただし、流れ弾で誰も傷つかないよう、細心の注意を払って行わなければなりません。

QWhy do you think bears are coming into towns more often?

There are several reasons. In years when acorns and beech nuts are scarce, bears search for food closer to people. Also, as rural areas lose population, abandoned fields and fruit trees create easy feeding spots. In a sense, the line between forests and towns has become blurred.

Q：クマが人里に出てくることが増えたのはなぜだと思いますか。
A：理由はいくつかあります。ドングリやブナの実が少ない年は、クマは人の近くまで食べ物を探しに来ます。また、地方の人口が減るにつれて、放置された畑や果樹がクマにとって手軽なえさ場になっています。ある意味で、森と町の境界があいまいになっているのです。

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