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英検1級 二次 予想トピック 66 ・ 🍙 食・農業 ・ To what extent

To what extent should the government control the prices of staple foods?

政府は主食の価格をどの程度コントロールすべきか。

このトピックを選ぶべき人

米の価格高騰や備蓄米の放出のニュースを覚えている人向け。

骨組み理由3つ（どちらの立場でも話せる）

賛成（Yes）で話すなら

I believe the government should control staple food prices to a considerable extent.

  1. basic needStaple foods like rice are essential for everyone, so their prices should not be left completely to the market. Sudden price jumps can make it hard for families to eat properly.
  2. stockpilesGovernment reserves can stop prices from rising too sharply during a shortage. When rice prices rose sharply in Japan, the government released stockpiled rice to calm the market.
  3. speculationWithout control, some traders may buy up food and wait for prices to rise. Government monitoring can discourage this kind of behavior.

反対（No）で話すなら

I believe the government should control staple food prices only to a limited extent.

  1. market signalsPrices tell farmers what to grow and how much. If the government keeps prices artificially low, farmers may produce less, which could cause even bigger shortages.
  2. past problemsJapan's long policy of limiting rice production to keep prices stable has been widely criticized. Many experts say it weakened the rice industry and contributed to recent shortages.
  3. targeted helpInstead of controlling prices for everyone, the government should help those in need directly. Food vouchers for low-income families are cheaper and more efficient than controlling the whole market.

想定質疑面接委員はこう突っ込んでくる

QBut when prices suddenly rise, shouldn't the government step in?

Yes, in an emergency, I think it should. Releasing stockpiles for a short time is reasonable. However, controlling prices permanently would discourage production. So I believe intervention should be temporary and limited.

Q：でも、価格が急に上がったら政府は介入すべきでは？
A：はい、緊急時には介入すべきだと思います。短期間、備蓄を放出するのは妥当です。しかし、価格をずっと統制すれば生産意欲がそがれます。ですから、介入は一時的で限られたものにすべきだと考えます。

QWhat should Japan learn from the recent rise in rice prices?

I think the main lesson is that supply should not be kept too tight. Japan needs more flexible production and a clearer system for releasing reserves. Better information about where rice is in the supply chain would also help.

Q：最近の米の値上がりから、日本は何を学ぶべきですか。
A：主な教訓は、供給をぎりぎりに絞りすぎてはいけないということだと思います。日本には、より柔軟な生産と、備蓄を放出するもっと分かりやすい仕組みが必要です。流通のどこに米があるのかを把握できるようにすることも役立ちます。

QShould Japan import more rice to keep prices down?

To some extent, it could help during shortages. However, depending too much on imported rice could hurt domestic farmers and food security. I think imports should be a backup, not the main solution.

Q：価格を抑えるために、日本は米の輸入を増やすべきですか。
A：不足しているときには、ある程度は役立つでしょう。しかし、輸入米に頼りすぎると国内の農家と食料安全保障を損ないかねません。輸入はあくまで予備の手段で、主な解決策ではないと思います。

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