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英検1級 二次 予想トピック 62 ・ 🍙 食・農業 ・ Should ~?

Should Japan make raising its food self-sufficiency a national priority?

日本は食料自給率の向上を、国の最優先課題にすべきか。

このトピックを選ぶべき人

米の値上がりや輸入食品のニュースから、食料安全保障を語れる人向け。

骨組み理由3つ（どちらの立場でも話せる）

賛成（Yes）で話すなら

I believe Japan should make raising its food self-sufficiency a national priority.

  1. food securityJapan imports much of its food, so a war, a poor harvest abroad, or trade problems could cause serious shortages. The recent sharp rise in rice prices showed how fragile food supply can be.
  2. rural communitiesSupporting domestic farming would help rural areas, where many farmers are elderly and fields are being abandoned. New young farmers could bring life back to these communities.
  3. environmentProducing food closer to where it is eaten reduces the energy used for long-distance transport. Well-managed rice paddies also help prevent floods and protect local wildlife.

反対（No）で話すなら

I don't believe raising food self-sufficiency should be a national priority.

  1. costProducing more food in Japan, where land and labor are expensive, would raise food prices. Low-income households would be hit hardest.
  2. diverse importsFood security can be achieved by importing from many different countries rather than producing everything at home. Good relationships with several reliable trading partners reduce the risk of shortages.
  3. hidden dependenceJapanese farming itself depends on imported fuel, fertilizer, and animal feed. So even a high self-sufficiency rate would not fully protect Japan in a crisis.

模範スピーチ賛成の立場で2分（251語）

序論Thank you. I'd like to talk about whether Japan should make raising its food self-sufficiency a national priority. I believe it should, for three reasons: food security, the future of rural communities, and the environment. 理由1First, food is a matter of national security. Japan produces less than half of the calories it consumes, so it depends heavily on other countries. If a war, extreme weather, or a trade dispute disrupted imports, Japan could face serious shortages. The recent sharp rise in rice prices, which led the government to release its stockpiled rice, showed how quickly ordinary people feel the impact. 理由2Second, strengthening domestic agriculture would revive rural communities. Many Japanese farmers are now in their seventies or older, and more and more fields are being abandoned. If the government supported young people who want to start farming, for example by helping them buy land and machinery, it could create jobs and keep rural towns alive. 理由3Third, local production is better for the environment. Shipping food across oceans uses a lot of fuel. In addition, rice paddies store water during heavy rain, which helps prevent floods. 譲歩Some people argue that producing more food at home would make it more expensive. That may be true in the short term. However, paying a little more is a reasonable price for a stable food supply, just as we pay for insurance. まとめIn conclusion, for the sake of security, rural communities, and the environment, I believe Japan should make food self-sufficiency a national priority. Thank you.

和訳

ありがとうございます。日本は食料自給率の向上を国の最優先課題にすべきかについてお話しします。私はそうすべきだと考えます。理由は3つ、食料安全保障、地方の未来、そして環境です。 第一に、食料は国の安全に関わる問題です。日本は消費するカロリーの半分も自国で生産しておらず、他国に大きく頼っています。戦争や異常気象、貿易上の対立で輸入が滞れば、深刻な食料不足に陥りかねません。最近の米の価格の急騰では政府が備蓄米を放出することになり、一般の人々がいかに早く影響を受けるかが明らかになりました。 第二に、国内の農業を強くすれば地方がよみがえります。日本の農家の多くは今や70代以上で、耕作されなくなる農地も増え続けています。政府が、例えば土地や機械の購入を助けるなどして就農したい若者を支えれば、雇用が生まれ、地方の町を存続させられます。 第三に、地元での生産は環境にも良いのです。海を越えて食料を運ぶには大量の燃料を使います。さらに、田んぼは大雨のときに水をためて洪水を防ぐ役割も果たします。 国内でもっと食料を作れば値段が高くなる、と主張する人もいます。短期的にはそうかもしれません。しかし、保険にお金を払うのと同じで、少し多く払うのは安定した食料供給のための妥当な代償です。 結論として、安全保障、地方、そして環境のために、日本は食料自給率の向上を国の最優先課題にすべきだと考えます。ありがとうございました。

想定質疑面接委員はこう突っ込んでくる

QJapanese farming depends on imported fertilizer and feed. Doesn't that weaken your argument?

That's a fair point. Admittedly, a higher self-sufficiency rate doesn't mean complete independence. However, Japan can reduce this weakness by making more use of compost and locally grown animal feed, such as rice grown for livestock. So I still believe raising self-sufficiency is an important step.

Q：日本の農業は輸入の肥料や飼料に頼っています。それはあなたの主張を弱めませんか。
A：もっともなご指摘です。確かに自給率が上がっても、完全に自立できるわけではありません。しかし、堆肥や、家畜用に育てた米など国内で作る飼料をもっと使えば、その弱点は減らせます。ですから、やはり自給率を上げることは大切な一歩だと考えます。

QHow can Japan attract young people into farming?

I think farming needs to become a more stable and attractive job. Technology like drones and self-driving tractors can reduce hard physical work. Companies running large farms could also offer regular salaries, which many young people would prefer.

Q：日本はどうすれば若者を農業に呼び込めますか。
A：農業を、もっと安定した魅力ある仕事にする必要があると思います。ドローンや自動運転のトラクターなどの技術で、きつい肉体労働を減らせます。大規模な農場を運営する会社が決まった給料を出せば、それを好む若者も多いでしょう。

QShould Japan reduce imports of agricultural products?

Not suddenly, no. Japan will always need imports of things like wheat and soybeans. The goal should be to reduce the risk of depending on only a few countries, while gradually increasing domestic production.

Q：日本は農産物の輸入を減らすべきですか。
A：急に減らすべきではありません。日本は小麦や大豆などを今後も輸入し続ける必要があります。目指すべきは、少数の国だけに頼る危険を減らしながら、国内の生産を少しずつ増やすことです。

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