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英検1級 二次 予想トピック 57 ・ 📱 メディア・SNS・情報 ・ Should ~?

Should social media users be required to register with their real names?

SNSの利用者に、実名での登録を義務づけるべきか。

このトピックを選ぶべき人

ネットの誹謗中傷やなりすましのニュースを見ていて、自由と責任のバランスで話せる人向け。

骨組み理由3つ(どちらの立場でも話せる)

賛成(Yes)で話すなら

I believe social media users should be required to register with their real names, because anonymity makes it too easy to harm others without facing any consequences.

  1. accountabilityWhen people know they can be identified, they think twice before posting abusive comments. In Japan, online abuse became such a serious problem that the penalties for insulting people were made tougher in 2022.
  2. fewer fake accountsReal-name registration would make it much harder to create large numbers of fake accounts. Scammers, for example, have used fake ads with famous people's photos to trick users into investment fraud.
  3. faster help for victimsAt present, victims often have to go through a long legal process just to find out who attacked them. If platforms already knew users' real identities, cases could be dealt with much more quickly.

反対(No)で話すなら

I don't believe users should be required to register with their real names, because anonymity also protects free speech and privacy.

  1. free speechAnonymity allows people to report wrongdoing, criticize the powerful, or talk about personal problems without fear. Whistleblowers and victims of abuse, for example, may stay silent if they have to reveal who they are.
  2. data risksIf platforms collected everyone's real names and ID information, a single data leak could expose millions of people. Governments could also demand this information to identify their critics.
  3. limited effectMany people post abusive comments even under their real names. South Korea once required real-name registration on major websites, but its Constitutional Court struck the rule down in 2012, partly because it restricted free expression.

模範スピーチ賛成の立場で2分(266語)

序論Thank you. I'd like to talk about whether social media users should be required to register with their real names. I believe they should, for three reasons: responsibility, fewer fake accounts, and faster help for victims. 理由1First, real-name registration makes people more responsible. Online, some people write cruel things they would never say to someone's face, because they feel nobody knows who they are. In Japan, online abuse became so serious that the penalties for insulting people were made tougher in 2022. If users knew they could be identified, many would think twice before posting. 理由2Second, it would reduce fake accounts. Today, one person can easily create dozens of accounts to spread rumors or make an opinion look more popular than it really is. Scammers have also used fake ads with famous people's photos to trick users into investment fraud. Requiring real names would make this kind of deception much harder. 理由3Third, it would help victims get justice faster. At present, a person who is attacked online often has to go through a long legal process just to find out who the attacker is. If platforms already had users' real names, cases could be handled much more quickly. 譲歩Admittedly, some people, such as whistleblowers, need to stay anonymous. However, registering a real name with a platform does not mean showing it publicly. Users could still post under a nickname, as long as the platform knows who they are. まとめIn conclusion, because it encourages responsibility, reduces fake accounts, and protects victims, I believe social media users should be required to register with their real names. Thank you.

和訳

ありがとうございます。SNSの利用者に実名での登録を義務づけるべきかについてお話しします。私は義務づけるべきだと考えます。理由は3つ、投稿への責任、偽アカウントの減少、そして被害者の早い救済です。 第一に、実名登録によって人は自分の投稿に責任を持つようになります。ネットでは、誰だか分からないと感じて、面と向かっては決して言わないようなひどいことを書く人がいます。日本ではネット上の中傷が深刻になり、2022年には侮辱罪の罰則が重くなりました。自分が特定されうると分かっていれば、多くの人は投稿する前に考え直すはずです。 第二に、偽アカウントが減ります。今は1人で何十ものアカウントを簡単に作り、うわさを広めたり、ある意見を実際より支持されているように見せたりできます。また、有名人の写真を使った偽の広告で利用者をだまし、投資詐欺に引き込む犯罪も起きています。実名を義務づければ、こうしただましはずっと難しくなります。 第三に、被害者がより早く救済されます。今は、ネットで攻撃された人が、相手が誰かを突き止めるだけでも長い法的な手続きを踏まなければならないことがよくあります。運営会社が利用者の実名をすでに把握していれば、ずっと早く対応できます。 確かに、内部告発者のように、匿名のままでいる必要がある人もいます。しかし、運営会社に実名を登録することは、それを公開することではありません。運営会社が本人を把握してさえいれば、利用者はこれまでどおりニックネームで投稿できます。 結論として、責任ある投稿を促し、偽アカウントを減らし、被害者を守るので、SNSの利用者には実名での登録を義務づけるべきだと考えます。ありがとうございました。

想定質疑面接委員はこう突っ込んでくる

QWouldn't real-name registration discourage whistleblowers from speaking out?

That's a fair concern. Admittedly, people who expose wrongdoing need protection. However, their real names would be known only to the platform, not to the public, and the law could strictly limit when that information can be disclosed. So I still believe registration would do more good than harm.

Q:実名登録にすると、内部告発をする人が声を上げにくくなりませんか。
A:もっともな懸念です。確かに、不正を明らかにする人は守られる必要があります。しかし、実名を知るのは運営会社だけで、一般には公開されませんし、その情報を開示できる場合を法律で厳しく限ることもできます。ですから、やはり登録の義務づけは害よりも益の方が大きいと考えます。

QWhat if platforms leak users' personal information?

That is a real risk, so platforms must be responsible for protecting the data. They should be required to use strong security and face heavy fines if they fail. Banks already handle our personal information under strict rules, so I think it is possible.

Q:運営会社が利用者の個人情報を漏らしてしまったらどうしますか。
A:それは現実にある危険なので、運営会社にはデータを守る責任を負わせるべきです。強固なセキュリティを義務づけ、守れなければ重い罰金を科せばよいでしょう。銀行はすでに厳しいルールのもとで私たちの個人情報を扱っているので、実現できると思います。

QWouldn't people simply move to foreign platforms that don't require real names?

Some people might, I admit. However, most people use the major platforms, and those companies could be required to follow the rule if they want to operate in Japan. Even if the rule is not perfect, it would make the most widely used services safer.

Q:実名を求めない海外のサービスに移る人が出てくるだけでは?
A:そういう人もいるかもしれないことは認めます。しかし、ほとんどの人は大手のサービスを使っていて、日本で事業をするならルールに従うよう、そうした企業に義務づけることができます。ルールが完璧でなくても、最も広く使われているサービスはより安全になります。

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