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英検1級 二次 予想トピック 33 ・ 🔬 科学・倫理・宇宙 ・ Is ~?

Is it right to bring extinct animals back to life?

絶滅した動物をよみがえらせることは正しいか。

このトピックを選ぶべき人

生物や生態系の話が好きで、技術への期待と不安を両方語れる人向け。

骨組み理由3つ（どちらの立場でも話せる）

賛成（Yes）で話すなら

I believe it is right, as long as it is done carefully, because it could help restore damaged ecosystems.

  1. restoring ecosystemsSome extinct animals played important roles in their environments. Bringing them back could help restore the balance of nature.
  2. saving endangered speciesThe same technology can be used to increase the genetic diversity of endangered animals. This could save species that are on the edge of extinction today.
  3. scientific knowledgeResearch on de-extinction improves our understanding of genetics and biology. It can also inspire public interest in protecting nature.

反対（No）で話すなら

I don't believe it is right, because the money and effort would be better spent protecting animals that still exist.

  1. better prioritiesMany species are currently endangered because of habitat loss. Protecting them is cheaper and more urgent than reviving extinct ones.
  2. not the same animalRevived animals would only be close copies created by editing the genes of related species. Some scientists question whether they are truly the original species.
  3. ecological risksThe environment has changed since these animals disappeared. Releasing them could harm existing species in unexpected ways.

想定質疑面接委員はこう突っ込んでくる

QWouldn't it be better to spend the money on protecting endangered species?

That's a fair point. Admittedly, protecting existing species should be the first priority. However, much of the money for de-extinction comes from private investors, not public budgets. And the same genetic tools can also help endangered animals, so the two goals are not completely separate.

Q：そのお金は、絶滅危惧種を守るのに使った方がよいのでは。
A：もっともなご指摘です。確かに、今いる種を守ることを最優先すべきです。しかし、絶滅種の復活に使われるお金の多くは、公的な予算ではなく民間の投資家から出ています。それに、同じ遺伝子の技術は絶滅危惧種の助けにもなるので、2つの目標は完全に別々のものではありません。

QWhat if a revived animal causes problems in the environment?

That's a serious risk. That's why any release should first be tested carefully in limited areas. If problems appear, scientists should be able to stop the program. Strict rules must be in place before any animal is released.

Q：よみがえらせた動物が環境に問題を起こしたらどうしますか。
A：それは深刻なリスクです。だからこそ、自然に放つ前には、限られた地域で慎重に試すべきです。問題が起きたら、科学者が計画を止められるようにしておくべきです。どんな動物であれ、放つ前に厳しいルールを整えておく必要があります。

QDo you think humans have a responsibility to bring back species we caused to disappear?

To some extent, yes. Many species disappeared because of hunting or the destruction of their habitats by humans. If we have the technology to correct some of those mistakes, I think we should at least consider it. But our more important responsibility is to stop causing new extinctions.

Q：人間が絶滅させた種をよみがえらせる責任が、人間にはあると思いますか。
A：ある程度はあると思います。多くの種が、人間による狩りや生息地の破壊によって姿を消しました。そうした過ちの一部を正す技術があるなら、少なくとも検討すべきだと思います。でも、より大切な責任は、新たな絶滅を引き起こさないことです。

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